See also:

• PIERRE

PIERRE See also:

• PIERRE BAYLE (1647-1706)

BAYLE (1647-1706)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French philosopher and See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of letters, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 18th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1647, at le Carlale-See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

Comte, near Pamiers (See also:

• ARIEGE

Ariege) . Educated by his See also:

• FATHER

father, a Calvinist See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, and at an See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy at See also:

• PUYLAURENS, ANTOINE DE LAAGE

Puylaurens, he after-wards entered a Jesuit See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college at See also:

• TOULOUSE
• TOULOUSE, LOUIS ALEXANDRE DE BOURBON, COUNT OF (1678-1737)

Toulouse, and became a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month later (1669) . After seventeen months he resumed his former See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, and, to avoid persecution, fled to See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva, where he became acquainted with See also:

• CARTESIANISM

Cartesianism . For some years he acted under the name of Bele as See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor in various Parisian families, but in 1675 he was appointed to the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy at the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant university of See also:

• SEDAN

Sedan . In 1681 the university at Sedan was suppressed, but almost immediately afterwards See also:

• BAYLE, PIERRE (1647-1706)

Bayle was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of philosophy and See also:

• HISTORY

history at See also:

• ROTTERDAM

Rotterdam . Here in 1682 he published his famous Pensees diverses sur la comae de i68o and his critique of See also:

• MAIMBOURG, LOUIS (1610—1686)

Maimbourg's See also:

• WORK

work on the history of Calvinism . The See also:

• GREAT

great reputation achieved by this critique stirred the envy of Bayle's colleague, P . See also:

• JURIEU, PIERRE (1637-1713)

Jurieu, who had written a See also:

• BOOK

book on the same subject . In 1684 Bayle began the publication of his Nouvelles de la republique See also:

• DES

des lettres, a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal of See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism . In 1690 appeared a work entitled Avis important aux refugies, which Jurieu attributed to Bayle, whom he attacked with animosity . After a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel Bayle was deprived of his chair in 1693• He was not depressed by this misfortune, especially as he was at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time closely engaged in the preparation of the See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical and See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

Critical See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary (Dictionnaire historique et critique) . The remaining years of Bayle's See also:

• LIFE

life were devoted to See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

miscellaneous writings, arising in many instances out of criticisms made upon his Dictionary .

He died in See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile at Rotterdam on the 28th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 17o6 . In 1906 a statue in his See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour was erected at Pamiers, " la reparation d'un long oubli . Bayle's erudition, despite the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low estimate placed upon it by Leclerc, seems to have been very considerable . As a constructive thinker, he did little . As a critic he was second to none in his own time, and even yet one can admire the delicacy and the skill with which he handles his subject . The Nouvelles de la republique des lettres (see See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis P . Betz, P . Bayle and See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Nouvelles de la republique des lettres, See also:

• ZURICH
• ZURICH (Fr. Zurich; Ital. Zurigo)

Zurich, 1896) was the first thorough-going See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to popularize literature, and it was eminently successful . The Dictionary, however, is Bayle's masterpiece .