BAYONET  , a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short thrusting weapon, fixed to the muzzle or fore-end of a See also:

• RIFLE

rifle or See also:

• MUSKET (Fr. mousquet, Ger. Muskete, &c.)

musket and carried by troops armed with the latter weapons . The origin of the word is disputed, but there is some authority for the supposition that the name is derived from the See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• BAYONNE

Bayonne, where the short See also:

• DAGGER

dagger called bayonnette was first made towards the end of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder Puysegur, a native of Bayonne, says (in his See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs, published posthumously in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1747) that when he was commanding the troops at See also:

• YPRES (Flemish Yperen)

Ypres in 1647 his musketeers used bayonets consisting of a See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel dagger fixed in a wooden haft, which fitted into the muzzle of the musket—in fact plug-bayonets . Courts-See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial were held on some See also:

• ENGLISH

English soldiers at See also:

• TANGIER (locally TANJAH)

Tangier in 1663-1664 for using their daggers on their comrades . As bayonets were at first called daggers, and as there were few or no pikemen in Tangier until 1675, the probable conclusion is that the troops in Tangier used plug-bayonets . In 1671 plug-bayonets were issued to the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment of fusiliers then raised . They were issued to See also:

• PART

part of an English See also:

• DRAGOON (Fr. dragon, Ger. Dragoner)

dragoon regiment raised in 1672 and disbanded in 1674, and to the Royal Fusiliers when raised in 1685 . The danger incurred by the use of this bayonet (which put a stop to all See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire) was See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt so See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early that the younger Puysegur saw a See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring-bayonet in 1678 which could be fixed without stopping the fire . The English defeat at Killie crankie in 1689 was due (among other things) to the use of thu plug-bayonet; and shortly afterwards the defeated See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• MACKAY
• MACKAY, CHARLES (1814–1889)
• MACKAY, HUGH (c. 164o-169z)
• MACKAY, JOHN WILLIAM (1831–1902)

Mackay, introduced a ring-bayonet of his own invention . A trial with badly-fitting socket or zigzag bayonets was made after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• FLEURUS

Fleurus, 1690, in the presence of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV., who refused to adopt them . Shortly after the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• RYSWICK, TREATY OF

Ryswick (1697) the English and Germans abolished the See also:

• PIKE
• PIKE, ZEBULON MONTGOMERY (1779-1813)

pike and introduced these bayonets, and plates of them are given in Surirey de St Remy's Memoires d'Artillerie, published in Paris in that See also:

• YEAR

year; but owing to a military See also:

• CABAL (through the Fr. cabale from the Cabbala or Kabbalah, the theosophical interpretation of the Hebrew scriptures)

cabal they were not issued to the French See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry until 1703 . Henceforward the bayonet became, with the musket or other firearm, the typical weapon of infantry .

This bayonet remained in the See also:

• BRITISH

British service until 18o5, when See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• MOORE, A
• MOORE, ALBERT JOSEPH (1841–1893)
• MOORE, EDWARD (1712–1757)
• MOORE, GEORGE (1853– )
• MOORE, GEORGE FOOT (1851– )
• MOORE, HENRY (1831–1895)
• MOORE, JOHN (1729-1802)
• MOORE, SIR JOHN (1761-1809)
• MOORE, THOMAS (1779-1852)

Moore introduced a bayonet fastened to the musket by a See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring clip . The triangular bayonet (so called from the See also:

• CROSS

cross-See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of its blade) was used in the British See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army until the introduction of the See also:

• MAGAZINE

magazine rifle, when it was replaced by the See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword-bayonet or dagger-bayonet . Sword-bayonetsweapons which could be used as sword or dagger apart from the rifle—had See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been in use by See also:

• SPECIAL

special troops such as See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

engineers and rifles, and many ingenious attempts have been made to produce a bayonet fitted for several uses . A long curved sword-bayonet with a saw-edged back was formerly used by the Royal Engineers, but all troops are now supplied with the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain sword- 558 bayonet . The bayonet is usually hung in a See also:

• SCABBARD

scabbard on the See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt of the soldier and only fixed during the final stages of a battle; the See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason for this is that the " jump " of the rifle due to the See also:

• SHOCK, or COLLAPSE

shock of See also:

• EXPLOSION

explosion is materially altered by the extra See also:

• WEIGHT

weight at the muzzle, which thus deranges the sighting . In the short See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee-See also:

• ENFIELD

Enfield rifle of 1903, the bayonet, not being directly attached to the See also:

• BARREL (a word of uncertain origin common to Romance languages; the Celtic forms, as in the Gaelic baraill, are derived from the English)

barrel, does not See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence accuracy, but with the long rifles, when the bayonet is fixed, the sight must be raised by two or three graduations to ensure correct See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation . In the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian army troops almost invariably carry the bayonet (triangular) fixed; the See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model (1891) of See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• CARBINE (Fr. carabine, Ger. Karabiner)

carbine has an inseparable bayonet; the See also:

• UNITED

United States rifle (the new short model of 1903) has a See also:

• KNIFE (0. E. cuff, a word appearing in different forms in many Teutonic languages, cf. Du. knijf, Ger. Kneif, a shoe-maker's knife, Swed. knif; the ultimate origin is unknown; Skeat finds the origin in the root of " nip," formerly " knip "; Fr. canif is a

knife bayonet, the model of 1905, which is 2o•5875 in. long, with the See also:

• LOWER

lower edge of the blade sharpened along its entire length and the upper edge sharpened 5 in. from the point; this bayonet is carried in a wooden and See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather scabbard attached to the See also:

• CARTRIDGE (corruption of Fr. cartouche)

cartridge belt . The British bayonet (See also:

• PATTERN

pattern 1903) has a blade r ft. in length . The length of the rifle and bayonet together, considered as an arme See also:

• BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

blanche, varies consider-ably, that of the French See also:

• LEBEL, JEAN (d. 1370)

Lebel pattern of 1886 being 6 ft., as against the 4 ft . 84 in. of the British short Lee-Enfield of 1903 . The See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German rifles (1898) have a length with bayonet of 5 ft . 94 in.; the Russian (1894) 5 ft .

9 in.; and the See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese 5 ft . 5' in . In 1908 a new British bayonet was approved, 5 in. longer than its predecessor of 1903, the shape of the point being modified to obtain the thrusting effect of a See also:

• SPEAR (O. Eng. spere, O. H. Ger. sper, mod. Ger. speer, &c., cf. Lat. sparrs; probably related to " spar, " a beam)

spear or See also:

• LANCE

lance See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head .