BEADLE  , also BEDEL Or See also:

• BEDELL, WILLIAM (1571-1642)

BEDELL (from A.S. bydel, from beodan, to hid), originally a subordinate officer of a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court or deliberative See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly, who summoned persons to appear and See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer charges against them (see Du Cange, supra tit . Bedelli) . As such, the beadle goes back to See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic times; he was probably attached to the See also:

• MOOT

moot as its messenger or summoner, being under the direction of the See also:

• REEVE (O. E. gerefa)
• REEVE, CLARA (1729–1807)
• REEVE, HENRY (1813–1895)

reeve or See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable of the leet . After the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest, the beadle seems to have diminished in importance, becoming merely the crier in the See also:

• MANOR

manor and See also:

• FOREST

forest courts, and sometimes executing processes . He was also employed as the messenger of the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish, and thus became, to a certain extent, an ecclesiastical officer, but in reality acted more as a constable by keeping See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order in the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church and See also:

• CHURCHYARD
• CHURCHYARD, THOMAS (c. 152o-16o4)

churchyard during service . He also attended upon the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, the churchwardens and the See also:

• VESTRY (O.- Fr. vestiaire, Lat. vestiarium, a wardrobe)

vestry . He was appointed by the parishioners in vestry, and his See also:

• WAGES (the plural of " wage," from Late Lat. wadium, a pledge, O. Fr. wagier, gagier)

wages were payable out of the church See also:

• RATE

rate . From the Poor See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act of 1601 till the act of 1834 by which poor-law See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was transferred to guardians, the beadle in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England was an officer of much importance in his capacity of See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent for the overseers . In all See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities the bedel was an officer who exercised various executive and spectacular functions (H . Rashdall, Hist. of Universities in the See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle Ages, i . 193) . He still survives in many universities on the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and in those of See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford and See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, but he is now shorn of much of his importance .

At Oxford there are four bedels, representing the faculties of law, See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine, arts and divinity . Their duties are chiefly processional, the junior or sub-bedel being the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official attendant on the See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor, before whom he bears a See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• MACE (Fr. masse, O. Fr. mace, connected with Lat.'ntateola, a mallet)

mace . At Cambridge there are two, termed See also:

• ESQUIRE (0. Fr. escuyer, Mod. Fr. ecuyer, derived through the form escudier from Med. Lat. scutarius, " shield-bearer ")

esquire-bedels, who both walk before the vice-chancellor, bearing maces .