See also:

• BEARD (A.S. beard, O. H. and Mod. Ger. Bart, Dan. beard, Icel. bar, rim, edge, beak of a ship, &c., O. Slay. barda, Russ. barodd. Cf. Welsh barf, Lat.. barba, though, according to the New English Dictionary, the connexion is for phonetic reasons doubtful)
• BEARD, WILLIAM HOLBROOK (1825-1900)

BEARD (A.S. beard, O. H. and Mod. Ger. See also:

• BART, JEAN (1651-1702)

Bart, See also:

• DAN

Dan. beard, Icel. See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar, rim, edge, See also:

• BEAK (early forms beke and becke, from Fr. bec, late Lat. beccus, supposed to be a Gaulish word; the Celtic bec and beq, however, are taken from the English)

beak of a See also:

• SHIP

ship, &c., O. Slay. barda, Russ. barodd. Cf. Welsh barf, See also:

• LAT

Lat.. barba, though, according to the New See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary, the connexion is for phonetic reasons doubtful)  . See also:

• MODERN

Modern usage applies this word to the See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair grown upon a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man's See also:

• CHIN

chin and cheek . When the chin is shaven, what remains upon the cheeks is called whiskers . " See also:

• MOUSTACHE, or MUSTACHIO

Moustache " or " moustaches " describes the hair upon the upper See also:

• LIP (a word common in various forms, to Teutonic languages, cf Ger. Lippe, Dan. laebe; Lat. labium is cognate)

lip . But the words have in the past had less exact meaning . See also:

• BEARD (A.S. beard, O. H. and Mod. Ger. Bart, Dan. beard, Icel. bar, rim, edge, beak of a ship, &c., O. Slay. barda, Russ. barodd. Cf. Welsh barf, Lat.. barba, though, according to the New English Dictionary, the connexion is for phonetic reasons doubtful)
• BEARD, WILLIAM HOLBROOK (1825-1900)

Beard has stood alone for all these things, and See also:

• WHISKER

whisker has in its See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time signified what we now See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call moustache, as in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of See also:

• ROBINSON, EDWARD (1794–1863)
• ROBINSON, HENRY CRABB (1777–1867)
• ROBINSON, JOHN (1575–1625)
• ROBINSON, JOHN (1650-1723)
• ROBINSON, JOHN THOMAS ROMNEY (1792–1882)
• ROBINSON, MARY [" Perdita "] (1758–1800)
• ROBINSON, SIR JOHN BEVERLEY, BART
• ROBINSON, SIR JOSEPH BENJAMIN (1845– )
• ROBINSON, THEODORE (1852-1896)

Robinson Crusoe's See also:

• GREAT

great pair of " See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish whiskers." The bearded races of mankind have ever held the beard in high See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . It is the sign of full manhood; the lad or the See also:

• EUNUCH (Gr. Evvoi3Xos)

eunuch is beardless, and the bearded woman is reckoned a See also:

• WITCH

witch, a loathsome thing to all ages . Also the beard shrinks from the profane See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand; a tug at the beard is sudden See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

pain and dishonour . The See also:

• ROMAN

Roman senator sat like a carven thing until the wondering Goth touched his See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long beard; but then he struck, although he died for the See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow . The future Ping See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John gave deadly offence to the native chieftains, when visiting See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland in 1185, by plucking at their flowing beards . See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David's ambassadors had their beards despitefully shaven by a bold See also:

• HEATHEN

heathen . Their own See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king mercifully covered their shame —" Tarry ye at See also:

• JERICHO (WI:, m;, once ahn:, a word of disputed meaning, whether " fragrant " or " moon [-god] city ")

Jericho until your beards be grown " —but See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war answered the insult .

The See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath on the beard is as old as See also:

• HISTORY

history, and we have an See also:

• ECHO (Gr. I'Xw)

echo of it in the first See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• POLITICAL

political ballad when See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon de See also:

• MONTFORT
• MONTFORT, SIMON DE, EARL OF LEICESTER (d. 1265)

Montfort swears " by his chin " revenge on See also:

• WARENNE, EARLS

Warenne . See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam, our first See also:

• FATHER

father, was by tradition created with a beard: See also:

• ZEUS

Zeus Allfather is bearded, and the old painters and carvers who hardily pictured the first See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of the Trinity gave Him the long beard of his fatherhood . The See also:

• RACE

race-fathers have it and the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient heroes . See also:

• ABRAHAM, or ABRAM (Hebrew for " father is high ")

Abraham and See also:

• AGAMEMNON

Agamemnon, See also:

• WODEN

Woden and King See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur and See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne, must all be bearded in our pictures . With the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan peoples the beard as worn by an unshaven See also:

• PROPHET (Irpo4i ri7s)

prophet has ever been in high renown, the more so that amongst most of the conquering tribes who first acknowledged the unity of See also:

• GOD

God and prophethood of See also:

• MAHOMET (strictly MUHAMMAD, commonly also MOHAMMED)

Mahomet it grows freely . But before Mahomet's See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• PERSIA

Persia had plaited their sacred beards with See also:

• GOLDEN

golden See also:

• THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)

thread, and the lords of See also:

• NINEVEH (Heb. m}'?, in classical authors Nivos, Ninus; LXX. Ntsetni, Nnveun: Assyrian Nind or Ninua)

Nineveh had curiously curled and oiled beards such as their winged See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull wears . Bohadin tells us that See also:

• SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

Saladin's little son wept for terror when he saw the crusaders' envoys " with their clean-shaven chins." See also:

• SELIM

Selim I . (1512–1521) comes down as a Turkish See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan who See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke into See also:

• HOLY

holy See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom and cut off his beard, telling a remonstrating See also:

• MUFTI

Mufti that his See also:

• VIZIER

vizier should now have nothing to See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead him by . But such tampering with tradition has its dangers, and the See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute See also:

• RULE

rule of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter the Great is made clear when we know that he taxed See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian beards and shaved his own, and yet died in his See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed . See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander the Great did as much and more with his well-drilled Macedonians, and was. obeyed when he bade them shave off the handle by which an enemy could seize them . With other traditions of their feudal See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, the See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese nation has broken with its ancient custom of the See also:

• RAZOR (O.F. razor, mod. rasoir, from racer, to scrape, rase, Late Lat. rasare, frequentative of radere, to scrape)

razor, and their See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor has beard and moustache; a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short moustache is See also:

• COMMON

common amongst Japanese See also:

• OFFICERS

officers and statesmen, and generals and admirals of Nippon follow the imperial example . The Nearer See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East also is abandoning the full beard, even in Mahommedan lands .

Earlier shahs of the Kajar See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house have glorious beards below their girdles, but N4iru'd-Din and his successor have shaved their chins . In later years the sultan of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey has added a beard to his moustache; the See also:

• KHEDIVE

khedive of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, son of a bearded father, has a soldier's moustache only . In See also:

• EUROPE

Europe the great Russian See also:

• PEOPLE

people is faithful to the beard, Peter's See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law being forgotten . The See also:

• TSAR, or CZAR

tsar Alexander III.'s beard might have satisfied See also:

• IVAN (JOHN)

Ivan the Terrible, whose hands played delightedly with the five-See also:

• FOOT

foot beard of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth's See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Killingworth . Indeed the royal houses of Europe are for the most See also:

• PART

part bearded or whiskered . It may be that the race of See also:

• OLIVIER, JUSTE DANIEL (1807-1876)

Olivier le Dain, of the man who can be trusted with a See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp razor near a crowned king's See also:

• THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly from preotan, to press, whence threat, or, with loss of initial s, connected with strut, to swell)

throat, is See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct . See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold II., king of the Belgians, however, was in lgo9 the only See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign with the full beard unclipped . The See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian emperor, See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph, retained the moustache and whiskers of the 'sixties, and the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German emperor, See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William II., for a short See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, commemorated by a few very rare photographs, had a beard, although it was never suffered to reach the length of that beard which gave his father an See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air of Charlemagne or See also:

• BARBAROSSA ("Redbeard")

Barbarossa . In See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France bearded presidents have followed each other, but it may be noted that the waxed moustache and " imperial " beard of the Second See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire is now all but abandoned to the Frenchman of English See also:

• COMEDY

comedy . The modern English See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion of shaving clean is rare in France See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save among actors, and during 1907 many Parisian waiters struck against the rule which forbade them to grow the moustache . For the most part the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy of the Roman obedience shave clean; as have done the popes for two centuries and more . But missionary bishops cultivate the long beard with some See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

pride, and the orders have varying customs, the Dominican shaving and the Franciscan allowing the hair to grow .

The Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic clergy of See also:

• DALMATIA (Ger. Dalmatien; Ital. Dalmazia; Serbo-Croatian, Dalmacija)

Dalmatia, See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular and See also:

• REGULAR

regular, are allowed to See also:

• WEAR

wear the moustache without beard or whiskers, as a concession to See also:

• NATIONAL

national prejudices . Amongst English people, always ready to be swayed by fashion, the hair of the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face has been, age by age, cherished or shaved away, curled or clipped into a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred devices . Before the See also:

• IMMIGRATION (from Lat. in, into, and tnigrare, to depart)

immigration from Sleswick the Briton knew the use of the razor, sometimes shaving his chin, but leaving the moustaches long . The old English also wore moustaches and forked beards, but, save for aged men, the beard had passed out of fashion before the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest . Thus, in the See also:

• BAYEUX

Bayeux See also:

• NEEDLEWORK

needlework, See also:

• EDWARD

Edward the king is See also:

• VENERABLE (Lat. venerabilis, worthy of reverence, venerari, to reverence, to worship, allied to Venus, love; the Indo-Germ. root is wen-, to desire, whence Eng. " win, properly to struggle for, hence to gain)

venerable with a long beard, but Harold and his younger fighting men have their chins reaped . " The English,"says William of See also:

• MALMESBURY
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HARRIS, IST EARL OF (1746-1820)
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HOWARD HARRIS, 3RD EARL OF (1807-1889)

Malmesbury, " leave the upper lip unshaven, suffering the hair continually to increase," and to Harold's spies the Conqueror's knights, who had " the whole face with both lips shaven," were See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange and See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest-like . See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris had a strange See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea that the beard was distinctive of Englishmen; he asserts that those who remained in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England were compelled to shave their beards, while the native nobles who went into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile kept their beards and flowing locks " like the Easterns and especially the Trojans." He even believed that " William with the beard," who headed a rising in See also:

• LONDON

London under See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard I., came of a stock which had scorned to shave, out of hatred for the See also:

• NORMANS

Normans, a statement which See also:

• THIERRY

Thierry See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . The Chanson de See also:

• ROLAND
• ROLAND, LEGEND OF

Roland shows us "the pride of France" as " that See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good bearded folk," with their beards See also:

• HANGING

hanging over coats of See also:

• MAIL

mail, and it makes the great emperor swear to Naimes by his beard . It was only about the See also:

• YEAR

year r000, according to Rodolf Glaber, that men began in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of France to wear short hair and shave " like actors "; and even in the Bayeux See also:

• TAPESTRY

tapestry the old Norman shipwrights wear the beard . But so rare was hair on the face amongst the Norman invaders that William, the fore-father of the Percys, was known in his lifetime and remembered after his See also:

• DEATH

death as William " Asgernuns " or " Oht See also:

• LES

les gernuns," i.e . " William with the moustaches," the epithet revived by one of his descendants making our modern name of Algernon . See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Eustace of See also:

• BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

Boulogne was similarly distinguished .

Fashion swung about after the Conquest, and, in the day of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry I., Serle the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop could compare bearded men of the Norman-English See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court with " filthy goats and bristly See also:

• SARACENS

Saracens." The See also:

• CRUSADES

crusades,perhaps, were accountable for the beards which were oddly denounced as effeminate in the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young courtiers of William See also:

• RUFUS, GAIUS VALGIUS
• RUFUS, LUCIUS VARIUS (c 74—14 B.c.)

Rufus . Not only the Greeks but the Latins in the East sometimes adopted the Saracen fashion, and the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch (1o98) was as unfavourable to the use of the razor as that of See also:

• SEVASTOPOL, or SEBASTOPOL

Sevastopol . When the Latins stormed the See also:

• TOWN

town by See also:

• NIGHT

night, bearded knights owed their death to the See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption that every See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian would be a shaven man . But for more than four centuries diversity is allowed, beards, moustaches and shaven faces being found See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side by side, although now and again one fashion or another comes uppermost to be followed by those See also:

• NICE

nice in such matters . Henry II. is a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close-shaven king, and Richard II.'s effigy shows but a little tuft on each side of the chin, tufts which are two curled locks on the chin of Henry IV . But Henry III. is long-bearded, Edward II. curls his beard in three great ringlets, and the third Edward's long forked beard flows down his See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast in patriarchal See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . The See also:

• MID

mid-13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, as seen in the drawings attributed to Matthew Paris, is an age of many full and curled beards, although the region about the lips is sometimes clipped or shaved . The beard is common in the 14th century, the forked See also:

• PATTERN

pattern being favoured and the long drooping moustache . Amongst those who ride with him to See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, See also:

• CHAUCER, GEOFFREY (? 1340-1400)

Chaucer, a bearded poet, notes the See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant's "forked beard," the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white beard of the See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

franklin and the red beard of the See also:

• MILLER, HUGH (1802–1856)
• MILLER, JOAQUIN (CINCINNATUS HEINE) (1841- )
• MILLER, JOE (JosEPH or JosIAS( (1684-1738)
• MILLER, SAMUEL FREEMAN (1816-1890)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1782-1849)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1795-1861)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1796–1882)
• MILLER, WILLIAM HALLOWES (18o1–188o)

miller, but the See also:

• REEVE (O. E. gerefa)
• REEVE, CLARA (1729–1807)
• REEVE, HENRY (1813–1895)

reeve's beard is " shave as ny as ever he can." Henry of See also:

• MONMOUTH (Welsh Mynwy)
• MONMOUTH, BATTLE OF (1778)
• MONMOUTH, JAMES SCOTT
• MONMOUTH, ROBERT CAREY, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1560-1639)

Monmouth and his son are shaven, and there-after beards are rare save with a few old folk until they come slowly back with the 16th century . In Ireland the See also:

• STATUTE

statute enacted by a See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament at See also:

• TRIM

Trim in 1447 recited that no manner of man who will be taken for an Englishman should have beard above his mouth—the upper lip must be shaven at least every fortnight or be of equal growth with the nether lip,—and this statute remained unrepealed far nigh upon two hundred years . Henry VIII., always a law to himself, brought back the beard to favour, See also:

• STOWE, HARRIET ELIZABETH [BEECHER] (1811-1896)

Stowe's See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals giving 1535 as the year in which he caused his beard " to be knotted and no more shaven," his hair being polled at the same time . Many portraits give his fashion of wearing a thin moustache, whose ends met a short and squarely trimmed beard parted at the chin, a fashion in which he was followed by his See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-law See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• BRANDON

Brandon .

But it is remarkable that those about him rarely imitated their most dread sovereign . While See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell and See also:

• HOWARD (FAMILY)
• HOWARD, CATHERINE (d. 1542)
• HOWARD, JOHN (1726-1790)
• HOWARD, LORD WILLIAM (1563–1640)
• HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS (1830-19o9)
• HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626–1698)

Howard the See also:

• ADMIRAL

Admiral go clean shaven, the See also:

• SEYMOUR
• SEYMOUR, HORATIO (1810-1886)
• SEYMOUR, or ST MAUR
• SEYMOUR, THOMAS

Seymour See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, Denny and See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

Russell, have the beard long and flowing . Even the See also:

• FORTY

forty See also:

• SHILLING

shilling a year man, says See also:

• HOOPER, JOHN (d. 1555)

Hooper in 1548, will See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste his See also:

• MORNING

morning time while he sets his beard in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . About this time the clergy began to break with the long tradition of smooth faces . A priest in 1531 is commanded to abstain from wearing a beard, and See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

Pole, coming from the court of a bearded See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, appears bearded like a See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch . The law too, the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church's kinswoman, begins to forbid, a sign of the See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change, and from 1J42 the society of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln's See also:

• INN

Inn makes rules for fining and expelling those who appear bearded at their See also:

• MESS (an adaptation of O. Fr. mes, mod. mets; Ital. messo; derived from the Late Lat. missum, past participle of mittere " to send or place in position ")

mess, rules which the example of exalted lawyers caused to be withdrawn in 1560 . The age of Elizabeth saw lawyers, soldiers, courtiers and merchants all bearded . Her Cecils, Greshams, Raleighs, Drakes, Dudleys and Walsinghams have the beard . A shaven chin such as that seen in the portrait of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip Howard, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel, is rare, but the beards take a hundred fashions, and satirists and Puritan pamphleteers were busy with them and with the men who wasted See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours in perfuming or starching them, in dusting them with orris See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder, in See also:

• CURLING
• CURLING, THOMAS BLIZARD (1811-1888)

curling them with irons and quills . See also:

• STUBBS [STUBBES], PHILIP (c. 1555-c. 161o)
• STUBBS [STUnnE], JOHN
• STUBBS, WILLIAM (1825-1901)

Stubbs gives them a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place amongst his abuses . " It is a See also:

• WORLD

world to consider how their mowchatowes must be preserved or laid out from one cheek to another and turned up like two horns towards the forehead." Of the English variety of beards See also:

• HARRISON
• HARRISON, BENJAMIN
• HARRISON, FREDERIC (1831— )
• HARRISON, JOHN (1693—1776)
• HARRISON, THOMAS (16o6-166o)
• HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER (1853– )
• HARRISON, WILLIAM (1534–1593)
• HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (1773–1841)

Harrison has a good word: " beards of which some are shaven from the chin like those of See also:

• TURKS

Turks, not a few cut short like to the beard of See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

Marquess See also:

• OTTO

Otto, some made See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round like a rubbing See also:

• BRUSH (from Fr. brosse, which, like the English word, means both the undergrowth of a wood and the instrument; if the word in both these meanings is ultimately the same, then the origin is from a bundle of brushwood used as a brush or broom, but this is h
• BRUSH, GEORGE DE FOREST (1855– )

brush, others with a pique de vant (0! See also:

• FINE

fine fashion) or now and then suffered to grow long, the barbers being grown to be so cunning in this behalf as the tailors . And therefore if a man have a lean and straight face, a Marquess Otto's cut will make it broad and large; if it be platter-like, a long slender beard will make it seem the narrower; if he be See also:

• WEASEL (Putorius nivalis)

weasel-becked, then much hair See also:

• LEFT

left on the cheeks will make the owner look big like a bowdled See also:

• HEN

hen, and as grim as a See also:

• GOOSE (a common Teut. word, O. Eng. gOs, pl. ges, Ger. Gans, O. Norse gas, from Aryan root, ghans, whence Sans. hansa, Lat. anser (for hanser)
• GOOSE (GAME OF)

goose, if Cornelis of Chelmersford say true." Nevertheless he adds that " many old men do wear no beards at all." The Elizabethan fashions continued under King See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James, the beard trimmed to a point being common wear; but under King Charles there is a certain reaction, and the royal style of shaving the cheeks and leaving the moustache whose points sweep upward and the chin beard like a downward See also:

• FLAME (Lat. flamma; the root flag- appears in flagrare, to burn, blaze, and Gr. d, XEryew)

flame is followed by most of the gentry .

With some the beard disappears altogether or remains a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere fleck below the lip . See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop See also:

• LAUD (Lat. laws)
• LAUD, WILLIAM (1573-1645)

Laud has a See also:

• CAVALIER
• CAVALIER, JEAN (1681-1740)

cavalier-like chin tuft and upturned moustache, but See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

Abbot his predecessor wore the See also:

• SPADE

spade beard, the " See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral beard " of Randle Holme, seen in all its dignity on the See also:

• CHIGWELL

Chigwell See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass of See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• HARSNETT, SAMUEL (1561–1631)

Harsnett, archbishop of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York (died 1631), a grim figure with his angry moustache and a long and broad beard, cut square at the bottom . From the Restoration year the razor comes more into use . Young men shave clean . The restored king curls a few dark hairs of a moustache over each cheek, but his brother James is shaven . With the reign of Queen See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country enters the beardless age, and beards, moustaches and whiskers are no more seen . In the 18th century the moustache indicated a soldier from beyond See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . A See also:

• JEW, THE WANDERING

Jew or a Turk was known by the beard, an appendage loathsome as comic . Matthew Robinson, the second See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Rokeby, was indeed wearing a beard in 1798, but he was reckoned a mad-man therefor, and See also:

• PHILLIPS
• PHILLIPS, ADELAIDE (1833-1882)
• PHILLIPS, EDWARD (163o-1696)
• PHILLIPS, JOHN (1800—1874)
• PHILLIPS, SAMUEL (1814—1854)
• PHILLIPS, STEPHEN (1868– )
• PHILLIPS, THOMAS (1770-1845)
• PHILLIPS, WENDELL (1811-1884)

Phillips's Public See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

Character pictures him as " the only peer and perhaps the only See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

gentleman of either Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain or Ireland who is thus distinguished." That George III. in his madness should have been left unshaved was a circumstance of his misery that wrung the See also:

• HEARTS

hearts of all loyal folk . But in the very year of 1798, when Lord Rokeby's See also:

• IMAGE (Lat. imago, perhaps from the same root as imitari, copy, imitate)

image was engraved for the curious, the See also:

• WORCESTERSHIRE

Worcestershire See also:

• MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

militia officers quartered near See also:

• BRIGHTON

Brighton were copying the Austrian moustache of the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign troops, and we may See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note that the hair of the face, which disappeared when wigs came in, began to reappear as wigs went out . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early in the 19th century the bucks began to show a patch of whisker beside the See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear, and the soldier's moustache became a common sight . Before See also:

• WATERLOO

Waterloo, guardsmen were complaining that officers of humbler regiments imitated their fashion of the moustache, and by the Waterloo year most young See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry officers were moustached .

The See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

Horse See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

Artillery were the next moustached See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps, the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, already whiskered, following their example in the 'fifties . But for a civilian to grow a moustache was long reckoned a piece of unseemly swagger . See also:

• CLIVE, CAROLINE (1801-1873)
• CLIVE, CATHERINE [KITTY] (1711-1785)
• CLIVE, ROBERT CLIVE, BARON (1725-1774)

Clive Newcome, it will be remembered, wore one until the taunting question whether he was " going in the See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards " shamed him into shaving clean . When in 184o Mr George See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick Muntz appeared in parliament with a full beard there were those who See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt that this tall See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

Radical had taken his own strange method of insulting English See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary institutions . James See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

Ward, R.A . (d . 1859), painter of animals, was another breaker of the unwritten law, defending his beard in a pamphlet of eighteen arguments as a thing pleasing at once to the artist and to his Creator . Freedom in these matters only came when the troops were See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

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