See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

FERDINAND See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

AUGUST See also:

• FERDINAND AUGUST BEBEL (184o— )

BEBEL (184o— )  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German socialist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne on the 22nd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1840; he became a See also:

• TURNER, CHARLES (1773–1857)
• TURNER, JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM (1775–1851)
• TURNER, NAT (1800-1831)
• TURNER, SHARON (1768-1847)
• TURNER, SIR JAMES (1615–1686)
• TURNER, WILLIAM (d. 1568)

turner and worked at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig . Here he took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in the workmen's See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement and in the association of working men which had been founded under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• SCHULTZ, HERMANN (1836- )

Schultz-See also:

• DELITZSCH
• DELITZSCH, FRANZ (1813–1890)

Delitzsch; at first an opponent of See also:

• SOCIALISM

socialism, he came under the influence of See also:

• LIEBKNECHT, WILHELM (1826-1900)

Liebknecht, and after 1865 he was a confirmed See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of socialism . With Liebknecht he belonged to the See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the socialists which was in See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with Karl See also:

• MARX, HEINRICH KARL (1818-1883)

Marx and the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International, and refused to accept the leadership of See also:

• SCHWEITZER, JEAN BAPTISTA VON (1833–1875)

Schweitzer, who had attempted to carry on the See also:

• WORK

work after See also:

• LASSALLE, FERDINAND (1825-1864)

Lassalle's See also:

• DEATH

death . He was one of those who supported a See also:

• VOTE

vote of want of confidence in Schweitzer at the See also:

• EISENACH

Eisenach See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference in 1867, from which his party was generally known as " the Eisenacher." In this See also:

• YEAR

year he was elected a member of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North German Reichstag for a Saxon See also:

• CONSTITUENCY (from " constituent," that which forms a necessary part of a thing; Lat. constituere, to create)

constituency, and, with an See also:

• INTERVAL

interval from 1881-to 1883, remained a member of the German See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . His See also:

• GREAT

great organizing See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent and. oratorical See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power quickly made him one of the leaders of the socialists and their See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief spokesman in parliament . In 187o he and Liebknecht were the only members who did not vote the extraordinary See also:

• SUBSIDY (through Fr. from Lat. subsidium, reserve troops, aid, assistance, from subsidere, literally " to sit or remain behind or in reserve,")

subsidy required for the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France; the followers of Lassalle, on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, voted for the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government proposals . He was the only Socialist who was elected to the Reichstag in 1871, but he used his position to protest against the See also:

• ANNEXATION (Lat. ad, to, and nexus, joining)

annexation of See also:

• ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

Alsace-See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine and to See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express his full sympathy with the See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

Commune . See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck afterwards said that this speech of See also:

• BEBEL, FERDINAND AUGUST (184o— )

Bebel's was a " See also:

• RAY (Lat. raia)
• RAY (or WRAY, as he wrote his name till 1670), JOHN (1628-1705)

ray of See also:

• LIGHT

light," showing him that Socialism was an enemy to be fought against and crushed; and in 1872 Bebel was accused in See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick of preparation for high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason, and condemned to two years' imprisonment in a fortress, and, forinsulting the German See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, to nine months' See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary imprisonment . After his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release he helped to organize, at the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of See also:

• GOTHA

Gotha, the See also:

• UNITED

united party of Social Democrats, which had been formed during his imprisonment . After the passing of the Socialist See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law he continued to show great activity in the debates of the Reichstag, and was also elected a member of the Saxon parliament; when the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege was proclaimed in Leipzig he was expelled from the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and in 1886 condemned to nine months' imprisonment for taking part in a See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret society . Although the rules of the Social Democratic party do not recognize a See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader or See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president, Bebel subsequently became by far the most influential member of the party . In the party meetings of 1890 and 1891 his policy was severely attacked, first by the extremists, the " See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young " Socialists from See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, who wished to abandon See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• ACTION

action; against these Bebel won a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete victory .

On the other See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side he was involved in a See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel with Volmar and his school, who desired to put aside from immediate See also:

• CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration the complete attainment of the Socialist ideal, and proposed that the party should aim at bringing about, not a complete overthrow of society, but a See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual amelioration . This conflict of tendencies continued, and Bebel came to be regarded as the chief exponent of the traditional views of the orthodox Marxist party . He was exposed to some natural ridicule on the ground that the " Kladderadatsch," which he often spoke of as imminent, failed to make its See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance . On the other hand, though a strong opponent of militarism, he publicly stated that See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign nations attacking See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany must not expect the help or the See also:

• NEUTRALITY

neutrality of the Social Democrats . His See also:

• BOOK

book, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Frau and der Socialismus (1893), which went through many See also:

• EDITIONS

editions and contained an attack on the institution of See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, identified him with the most extreme forms of Socialism . See also Mehring, Geschichte der deutschen Social-Demokratie (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1898) ; Reports of the See also:

• ANNUAL

Annual Meetings of the Social Democratic Party, Berlin Vorwarts See also:

• PUBLISHING

Publishing See also:

• COMPANY

Company (from 1890) ; B . See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

Russell, German Social-See also:

• DEMOCRACY (Gr. 3np.oKparia, from S)µos, the people, i.e. the commons, and Kparos, rule)

Democracy (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1897) . (J . W .