BEDDING See also:

• PLANTS

PLANTS  .—ThiS See also:

• TERM

term is chiefly applied to those summer-flowering See also:

• PLANTS

plants, such as See also:

• IVY (A.S. ifig, Ger. Epheu, perhaps connected with apium, anent)

ivy-leaved and zonal pelargoniums, petunias, See also:

• DWARF (A.S. dweorg, D. dwerg, Icel. dvergr)

dwarf lobelias, verbenas, &c., which are employed in masses for filling the beds of a geometrical See also:

• PARTERRE

parterre . Of See also:

• LATE

late years, however, more See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention has been bestowed on arrangements of brilliant flowering plants with those of See also:

• FINE

fine foliage, and the massing also of See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

hardy See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early-blooming plants in parterre See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion has been very greatly extended . Bedding plants thrive best in a See also:

• LIGHT

light See also:

• LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

loam, liberally manured with thoroughly rotten dung from an old hotbed or thoroughly decomposed cow droppings and See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf-See also:

• MOULD

mould . See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

Spring Bedding.—For this description of bedding, hardy plants only must be used; but even then the choice is tolerably extensive . For example, there are the Alyssums, of which A. saxatile and A. gemonense are in cultivation; Antennaria tomentosa; the See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white .4rabis albida; Aubrietias, of which the best sorts are A . Campbelliae and A. grandiflora; the double Bellis perennis or See also:

• DAISY (A.S. daeges cage, day's eye)

Daisy; the Wallflowers, including Cheiranthus Cheiri (the See also:

• COMMON

Common See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

Wall-See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower), C. alpina and C . Marshallii; Hepaticas, the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal of which are the varieties of H. triloba, and the See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue H. angulosa; Iberis or See also:

• CANDYTUFT (Iberis amara, so called from Iberia, i.e. Spain, where many species of the genus are native, and amara, bitter, i.e. in taste)

Candytuft; Lithospermum fruticosum; Myosotis or Forget-me-not, including M. alpestris, M. dissitiflora, M. azorica and M. sylvestris; Phloxes, like P. subulata, with its varieties setacea, Nelsoni, nivalis; the single-flowered varieties of the See also:

• PRIMROSE

Primrose, Primula vulgaris; the Polyanthuses; See also:

• PYRETHRUM

Pyrethrum Parthenium aureum, called See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden See also:

• FEATHER (0. Eng. (ether, Ger. Feder, from an Indo-European root seen also in Gr. lrrepov, and aEreo-Oat, to fly)

Feather; Sempervivum calcareum; the See also:

• PINK

pink-flowered Silene pendula; self-coloured varieties of the See also:

• PANSY, or HEARTSEASE

Pansy, V. tricolor, and of V. lutea and V. cornuta, as well as some See also:

• RECENT

recent hybrids . Besides these there are the various spring-flowering bulbs, such as the varieties of See also:

• HYACINTHUS

Hyacinthus, Tulipa, See also:

• NARCISSUS

Narcissus, Fritillaria, Muscari or See also:

• GRAPE

Grape See also:

• HYACINTH (Gr. ualavOor)
• HYACINTH, or JACINTH

Hyacinth, See also:

• CROCUS

Crocus, Scilla, Chionodoxa and Galanthus or See also:

• SNOWDROP

Snowdrop . Summer Bedding.—T here is See also:

• GREAT

great variety amongst the plants which are used for bedding-out in the See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden during the summer months, but we can See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note only some of the most important of them . Amongst them are the Ageratums, the old tall-growing sorts of which have been superseded by dwarfer blue and white flowered varieties; Alternantheras, the principal of which are A. amoena; amoena spectabilis, magnifica, paronychioides See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major awrea and amabilis; Alyssum maritimum variegatum; some of the dwarf varieties of Antirrhinum majus; Arundo Donax variegata; Begonias; Calceolarias; Cannas; See also:

• CENTAUREA

Centaurea ragusina; Clematises, of which the hybrids of the Jackmanni type are best; See also:

• DAHLIA

Dahlia variabilis, and the single-flowered forms of D. coccinea; Echeverias, of which E. secunda and E. metallica are much employed; Gazanias; Heliotropes; Iresines; Lantanas; Lobelias; Mesembryanthemum cordifolium variegatum; Pelargoniums, of which the various classes of zonal or bedding varieties are unapproachable for effect and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general utility; Petunias; Phloxes; Polemonium coeruleum variegatum; Pyrethrum Parthenium aureum, the well-known Golden Feather, especially useful as an edging to define the outline of beds upon grass; Tropaeolums, especially some of the varieties of T . Lobbianum; and Verbenas, the offspring of Tweedieana, chamaedrifolia and others . Few bulbs come into the summer flower gardens, but amongst those which should always be well represented are the See also:

• GLADIOLUS

Gladiolus, the Lilium, the Tigridia and the Montbretia .

Subtropical Bedding.—Foliage and the less common flowering plants may be used either in masses of one See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, or in See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups arranged for contrast, or as the centres of groups of less imposing or of dwarfer-flowering subjects; or they may be planted as single specimens in appropriate open spaces, in recesses, or as distant striking See also:

• OBJECTS

objects terminating a vista . See also:

• CARPET

Carpet Bedding consists in covering the See also:

• SURFACE

surface of a See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed, or a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of beds forming a See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design, with See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close, See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low-growing plants, in which certain figures are brought out by means of plants of a different See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit or having different coloured leaves . Sometimes, in addition to the carpet or ground See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, individual plants of larger See also:

• SIZE

size and handsome See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance are dotted symmetrically over the beds, an arrangement which is very telling . Some of the best plants for carpeting the surface of the beds are: Antennaria tomentosa and Leucophytum Browni, white; See also:

• SEDUM

Sedum See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

acre, dasyphyllum, corsicum and glaucuin, See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey; and Sedum Lydium, Mentha Pulegium gibraltarica, Sagina subulata and Herniaria glabra, See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green . The Alternantheras, Amaranthuses, Iresines and See also:

• COLEUS

Coleus Verschaffelti furnish high and warm See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours; while Pyrethrum Parthenium aureum yields greenish-yellow; Thymus citriodorus aureus, yellowish; Mesembryanthemum cordifolium variegatum, creamy yellow; Centaureas and others, white; See also:

• LOBELIA

Lobelia Erinus, blue; and the succulent Echeverias and Sempervivums, See also:

• GLAUCOUS (Gr. yAavK6s, bright, gleaming)

glaucous rosettes, which last add much to the general effect . In connexion with the various designs such fine plants as See also:

• AGAVE

Agave americana, See also:

• DRACAENA

Dracaena indivisa are often used as centre-pieces .