BEGGAR  , one who begs, particularly one who gains his living by asking the charitable contributions of others . The word, with the verbal forrn " to beg," in See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle See also:

• ENGLISH

English beggen, is of obscure See also:

• HISTORY

history . The words appear first in English in the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and were See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early connected with " bag," with reference to the receptacle for See also:

• ALMS

alms carried by the beggars . The most probable derivation of the word, and that now generally accepted, is that it is a corruption of the name of the See also:

• LAY

lay communities known as See also:

• BEGUINES (Fr. beguine, Med. Lat. beguina, begina, beghina)

Beguines and Beghards, which, shortly after their See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment, followed the friars in the practice of See also:

• MENDICANCY (from Lat. niendicus, in a condition of beggary, a word of unknown origin)

mendicancy (see BEGUINES) . It has been suggested, however, that the origin of " beg " and " beggars " is to be found in a rare Old English word, bedecian, of the same meaning, which is apparently connected with the See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic bidjan, cf . See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German betteln; but between the occurrence of bedecian at the end of the 9th century and the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of " beggar " and " beg " in the 13th, there is a See also:

• BLANK (from the Fr. blanc, white)

blank, and no explanation can be given of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change in See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form . For the English See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law See also:

• RELATING

relating to begging and its history, see CHARITY, POOR LAw and See also:

• VAGRANCY (formed from " vagrant," wandering, unsettled; this word appears in Anglo-Fr. as wakerant and O.Fr. as wancrant, and is probably of Teut. origin, cf. M.L.G. welkern, to walk about; it is allied to Eng. " walk," and is not to be directly referred

VAGRANCY . BEGGAR-MY-See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

NEIGHBOUR, a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple card-See also:

• GAME

game . An See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• PACK (apparently from the root pak-, paq-, seen in Lat. pangere, to fasten; cf. " compact ")
• PACK, OTTO VON (c. 1480-1537)

pack is divided equally between two .players, and the See also:

• CARDS, PLAYING

cards are held with the backs upwards . The first player See also:

• LAYS

lays down his See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top card See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face up, and the opponent plays his top card on it, and this goes on alternately as See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long as no See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court-card appears; but if either player turns up a court-card, his opponent has to See also:

• PLAY

play four ordinary cards to an See also:

• ACE (derived through the Lat. as, from the Tarentine form of the Gr. etc)

ace, three to a See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, two to a See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, one to a See also:

• KNAVE (O.E. cnafa, cognate with Ger. Knabe, boy)

knave, and when he has done so the other player takes all the cards on the table and places them under his pack; if, however, in the course of this playing to a court-card, another court-card turns up, the adversary has in turn to play to this, and as long as neither has played a full number of ordinary cards to any court-card the See also:

• TRICK

trick continues . The player who gets all the cards into his See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand is the winner .