See also:

• BEHAIM (or BE1?EM), MARTIN (1436?-1507)

BEHAIM (or BE1?EM), See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

MARTIN (1436?-1507)  , a navigator and geographer of See also:

• GREAT

great pretensions, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg, according to one tradition, about 1436; according to Ghiilany, as See also:

• LATE

late as 1459 . He was See also:

• DRAWN

drawn to See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal by participation in See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, and acquired a scientific reputation at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John II . As a See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil, real or supposed, of the astronomer " See also:

• REGIOMONTANUS (1436-1476)

Regiomontanus " (i.e . Johann See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller of See also:

• KONIGSBERG (Polish Krolewiec)

Konigsberg in See also:

• FRANCONIA (Ger. Franken)

Franconia) he became ((a 1480) a member of a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council appointed by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King John for the furtherance of See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation . His alleged introduction of the See also:

• CROSS

cross-See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff into Portugal (an invention described by the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• JEW, THE WANDERING

Jew, See also:

• LEVI, HERMANN (1839-1900)
• LEVI, LEONE (1821-1888)

Levi See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

ben See also:

• GERSON, JOHN (1363—1429)

Gerson, in the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century) is n See also:

• MATTER

matter of controversy; his improvements in the See also:

• ASTROLABE (from Gr. liar pop, star, and Aa(3eiv, to take)

astrolabe were perhaps limited to the introduction of handy See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of cumbrous wooden ones; it seems likely that he helped to prepare better navigation tables than had yet been known in the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula . In 1484–1485 he claimed to have accompanied Diogo Cao in his second expedition to See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, really undertaken in 1485–86, reaching Cabo See also:

• NEGRO (from Lat. eager, black)

Negro in 15°40' S. and Cabo Ledo still farther on . It is now disputed whether See also:

• BEHAIM (or BE1?EM), MARTIN (1436?-1507)

Behaim's pretensions. here deserve any belief; and it is'suggested that instead of sharing in this great voyage of See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery, the Nuremberger only sailed to the nearer coasts of See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea, perhaps as far as the See also:

• BIGHT (O. Eng. bight, bend; cf. Ger. Bucht, a bay, and beugen, to bend)

Bight of See also:

• BENIN

Benin, and possibly with Jose Visinho the astronomer and with Joao Affonso d'See also:

• AVEIRO

Aveiro, in 1484-86 . See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin's later See also:

• HISTORY

history, as traditionally recorded, was as follows . On his return from his West See also:

• AFRICAN

African exploration to See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon he was knighted by King John, who afterwards employed him in various capacities; but, from the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage in 1486, he usually resided at See also:

• FAYAL (Faial)

Fayal in the See also:

• AZORES (Acores), or WESTERN ISLANDS

Azores, where his See also:

• FATHER

father-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, See also:

• JOBST

Jobst See also:

• VAN

van Huerter, was See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of a Flemish See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony . On a visit to his native See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city in 1492, he constructed his famous terrestrial globe, still preserved in Nuremberg, and often reproduced, in which the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy is strongly apparent, but wherein some See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt is also made to incorporate the discoveries of the later See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages (Marco See also:

• POLO (Tibetan pulu, ball)
• POLO, GASPAR GIL (?153o-1591)
• POLO, MARCO (c. 1254-1324)

Polo, &c.) . The antiquity of this globe and the See also:

• YEAR

year of its See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution, on the See also:

• EVE

eve of the discovery of See also:

• AMERICA

America, are noteworthy; but as a scientific See also:

• WORK

work it is unimportant, ranking far below the portolani charts of the 14th century . Its West Africa is marvellously incorrect; the Cape Verde See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

archipelago lies hundreds of See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles out of its proper place; and the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic is filled with fabulous islands .

Blunders of 16° are found in the localization of places the author claims to have visited: contemporary maps, at least in regard to See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental features, seldom went wrong beyond 1° . It is generally agreed that Behaim had no See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in Transatlantic discovery; and though See also:

• COLUMBUS
• COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER [in Spanish CRISTOBAL COLON] (c. 1446, or perhaps rather 1451, -15o6)

Columbus and he were apparently in Portugal at the same time, no connexion between the two has been established . He died at Lisbon in 1507 . See C . G. von Murr, Diplomatische Geschichte See also:

• DES

des beriihmten Ritters Behaim (1778) ; A. von See also:

• HUMBOLDT, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH ALEXANDER, BARON
• HUMBOLDT, KARL WILHELM VON (1767-1835)

Humboldt, Kritische Untersuchungen (1836) ; F . W . Ghillany, Geschichte des Seefahrers Martin Behaim (1853); O . Peschel, Geschichte der Erdkunde, 214-215, 226, 251, and Zeitalter der Entdeckungen, esp. p . 90; Breusing, Zur Geschichte der Geographie (1869); Eugen Gelcich in the Mittheilungen of the See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical Society, vol. See also:

• XXXVI

xxxvi. pp . 100, &c.; E . G . Ravenstein, Martin de Bohemia (Lisbon, 1900), Martin Behaim, His See also:

• LIFE

Life and His Globe (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1909), and Voyages of Diogo See also:

• GAO

Gao and Bartholomeu Dias, 1482-1488, in Geographical See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal, Dec .

1900; see also Geog . Journal,-,Aug . 1893, p . 175, Nov . 1901, p . 509; Jules Mees in See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

Bull . See also:

• SOC

Soc . Geog., See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp, 1902, pp . 182-204; A . See also:

• FERREIRA, ANTONIO (1528–1569)

Ferreira de Serpa in Bull . Soc . Geog., Lisbon, 1904, pp .

297-307 . (C . R .