BELL  or INCHCAPE See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

ROCK, a See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone See also:

• REEF (1)

reef in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, it in . S.E. of See also:

• ARBROATH, or ABERBROTHOCK

Arbroath, belonging to See also:

• FORFARSHIRE, or ANGUS

Forfarshire, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . It See also:

• MEASURES

measures 2000 ft. in length, is under See also:

• WATER

water at high See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide, but at See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low tide is exposed for a few feet, the sea for a distance of r0o yds. around being then only three fathoms deep . Lying in the See also:

• FAIR

fair-way of vessels making or leaving the See also:

• TAY
• TAY, LOCH

Tay and Forth, besides ports farther north, it was a See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant menace to See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation . In the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• GALE
• GALE, THEOPHILUS (1628-1678)
• GALE, THOMAS (?1636-17o2)

gale of 1799 seventy See also:

• SAIL

sail, including the " See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York," 74 guns, were wrecked off the reef, and this disaster compelled the authorities to take steps to protect See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping . Next See also:

• YEAR

year See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• STEVENSON, ADLA1 EWING (1835- )
• STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850)
• STEVENSON, ROBERT LEWIS BALFOUR (1850-1894)

Stevenson modelled a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower and reported that its erection was feasible, but it was only in i8o6 that See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers were obtained, and operations began in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1807 . Though See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• RENNIE, JOHN (1761–1821)

Rennie had meanwhile been associated with Stevenson as consulting engineer, the structure in See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design and details is wholly Stevenson's See also:

• WORK

work . The tower is 100 ft. high; its See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter at the See also:

• BASE

base is 42 ft., decreasing to 15 ft. at the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top . It is solid for 3o ft. at which height the See also:

• DOORWAY (corresponding to the Gr. Iran, Lat. porte)

doorway is placed . The interior is divided into six storeys . After five years the See also:

• BUILDING

building was finished at a cost of £61,3oo . Since the See also:

• LIGHTING

lighting no wrecks have occurred on the reef .

A bust of Stevenson by See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph (d . 185o) was placed in the tower . According to tradition an See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of Aberbrothock (Arbroath) had ordered a bell—whence the name of the rock—to be fastened to the reef in such a way that it should See also:

• RESPOND

respond to the movements of the waves, and thus always See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring out a warning to mariners . This See also:

• SIGNAL

signal was wantonly destroyed by a pirate, whose See also:

• SHIP

ship was afterwards wrecked at this very spot, the rover and his menbeing drowned .