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BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. See also: state or dignity the bench was ordinarily used by the commonalty
.
It is still extensively employed for other than domestic purposes, as in See also: schools, churches and places of amusement
.
Bench or Banc, in See also: law, originally was the seat occupied by See also: judges in See also: court; hence the See also: term is used of a tribunal of See also: justice itself, as the See also: King's Bench, the
See also: Common Bench, and is now applied to judges or magistrates collectively as the " judicial bench," " bench of magistrates." The word is also applied to any seat where a number of See also: people sit in an official capacity, or as See also: equivalent to the dignity itself, as " the civic bench," the " bench of aldermen," the " episcopal bench," the " front bench," i.e. that reserved for the leaders of either party in the See also: British See also: House of See also: Commons
.
King's Bench
716
(q.v.) was one of the three See also: superior courts of common law at See also: Westminster, the others being the common pleas and the ex-chequer
.
Under the Judicature See also: Act 1873, the court of king's bench became the king's bench division of the High Court of Justice
.
The court of common pleas was sometimes called the common bench
.
Sittings in banc were formerly the sittings of one of the superior courts of Westminster for the hearing of motions, See also: special cases, &c., as opposed to the nisi See also: Arius sittings for trial of facts, where usually only a single See also: judge presided
.
By the Judicature Act 1873 the business of courts sitting in banc was transferred to divisional courts
.
BENCH-MARK, a surveyor's mark cut in See also: stone or some durable material, to indicate a point in a
See also: line of levels for the determination of altitudes over a given See also: district
.
The name is taken from the " angle-iron " which is inserted in the See also: horizontal incision as a " bench " or support for the levelling staff
.
The mark of the " broad-arrow " is generally incised with the bench-mark so that the horizontal See also: bar passes through its See also: apex
.
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