See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

VINCENT See also:

• COUNT VINCENT BENEDETTI (1817--1900)

BENEDETTI (1817--1900)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French diplomatist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BASTIA

Bastia, in the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of See also:

• CORSICA (Fr. Corse)

Corsica, on the 29th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1817 . In the See also:

• YEAR

year 184o he entered the service of the French See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, and was appointed to a See also:

• POST

post under the See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis de la Valette, who was See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general at See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo . He spent eight years in See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, being appointed consul in 1845; in 1848 he was made consul at See also:

• PALERMO (Greek, Havopuos; Latin, Panhormus, Panormus)

Palermo, and in 1851 he accompanied the marquis, who had been appointed See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, as first secretary . For fifteen months during the progress of the See also:

• CRIMEAN

Crimean See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War he acted as See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge d'affaires . In the second See also:

• VOLUME

volume of his essays he gives some recollections of his experiences in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, including an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Mehemet See also:

• ALI

Ali, and a (not very friendly) See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• STRATFORD
• STRATFORD, JOHN DE (d. 1348)

Stratford de Redcliffe . In 1855, after refusing the post of See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister at See also:

• TEHERAN
• TEHERAN (more properly TEHRAN)

Teheran, he was employed in the foreign office at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and acted as secretary to the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress at Paris (18J5-1856) . During the next few years he was chiefly occupied with See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian affairs, in which he was much interested, and See also:

• CAVOUR (anc. Caburrum or Forum Vibii)
• CAVOUR, CAMILLO BENSO, COUNT (1810–18.61)

Cavour said of him he was an Italian at See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart . He was chosen in 1861 to be the first See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, but he resigned his post next year on the retirement of E . A . Thouvenel, who had been his See also:

• PATRON

patron, when the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-Italian party began to gain the ascendancy at Paris . In 1864 he was appointed ambassador at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . See also:

• BENEDETTI, VINCENT, COUNT (1817--1900)

Benedetti remained in See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin till the outbreak of war in 187o, and during these years he played an important See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic See also:

• HISTORY

history of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe .

His position was a difficult one, for See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon did not keep him fully informed as to the course of French policy . In 1866, during the See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks which followed the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt of Napoleon to intervene between Prussia and See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria; he accompanied the Prussian headquarters in the advance on See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, and during a visit to Vienna he helped to arrange the preliftiinaries of the See also:

• ARMISTICE (from Lat. arma, arms, and sistere, to stop)

armistice signed at See also:

• NIKOLSBURG (Czech, Mikulov)

Nikolsburg . It was after this that he was instructed to See also:

• PRESENT

present to See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck French demands for " See also:

• COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation," and in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, after his return to Berlin, as a result of his discussions with Bismarck a draft treaty was See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up, in which Prussia promised France her support in the See also:

• ANNEXATION (Lat. ad, to, and nexus, joining)

annexation of See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium . This treaty was never concluded, but the draft, which was in Benedetti's See also:

• HANDWRITING

handwriting, was kept by Bismarck and, in 1870, a few days after the outbreak of the war, was published by him in The Times . During 1867 Benedetti was much occupied with the affair of See also:

• LUXEMBURG
• LUXEMBURG, FRANCOIS HENRI DE MONTMORENCYBOUTEVILLE, DUKE

Luxemburg . In See also:

• JULY

July 187o, when the candidature of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• HOHENZOLLERN

Hohenzollern for the See also:

• THRONE

throne of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain became known, Benedetti was instructed by the duc de See also:

• GRAMONT, ANTOINE AGENOR ALFRED
• GRAMONT, PHILIBERT, COMTE DE (1621-1707)

Gramont to present to the king of Prussia, who was then at See also:

• EMS

Ems, the French demands, that the king should See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order the prince to withdraw, and afterwards that the king should promise that the candidature would never be renewed . This last demand Benedetti submitted to the king in an informal See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting on the See also:

• PROMENADE

promenade at Ems, and the misleading reports of the conversation which were circulated were the immediate cause of the See also:

• WAX

wax which followed, for the Germans were led to believe that Benedetti had insulted the king, and the French that the king had insulted the ambassador . Benedetti was severely attacked in his own See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country for his conduct as ambassador, and the duc de Gramont attempted to throw upon him the blame for the failures of French See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy . He answered the charges brought against him in a See also:

• BOOK

book, Ma See also:

• MISSION

Mission en Prusse (Paris, 1871), which still remains one of the most valuable authorities for the study of Bismarck's diplomacy . In this Benedetti successfully defends himself, and shows that he had kept his See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government well informed; he had 718 even warned them a year before as to the proposed Hohenzollern candidature . Even if he had been outwitted by Bismarck in the See also:

• MATTER

matter of the treaty of 1866, the policy of the treaty was not his, but was that of E . Drouyn de Lluys .

The See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of the annexation of part of Belgium to France had been suggested to him first by Bismarck; and the use to which Bismarck put the draft was not one which he could be expected to anticipate, for he had carried on the negotiations in See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good faith . After the fall of the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire he retired to Corsica . He lived to see his See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence confirmed by later publications, which threw more See also:

• LIGHT

light on the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret history of the times . He published in 1895 a volume of Essais diplomatiques, containing a full account of his mission to Ems, written in 1873; and in 1897 a second See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series dealing with the Eastern question . He died on the 28th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1900, while on a visit to Paris . He received the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count from Napoleon . See Rothan, La Politique Frangaise en 1866 (Paris, 1879) ; and L'Affaire de Luxemburg (Paris, 1881); See also:

• SOREL
• SOREL, AGNES (c. 1422-1450)
• SOREL, ALBERT (1842-1906)
• SOREL, CHARLES, SIEUR DE SOUVIGNY (1597-1674)

Sorel, Histoire diplomatique (Paris, 1875) ; See also:

• SYBEL, HEINRICH VON (1817-1895)

Sybel, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Begrundung See also:

• DES

des deutschen Reiches (See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, 1889), &c . (J . W .