BENZOIN  , or See also:

• GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in

Gum See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

BENJAMIN (supposed to be from Arab. luban, See also:

• FRANKINCENSE

frankincense, the first syllable being dropped in Romanic as if it were the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article), a balsamic See also:

• RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin obtained from Styrax benzoin, a See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree of considerable See also:

• SIZE

size, native to See also:

• SUMATRA

Sumatra and See also:

• JAVA

Java, and from other See also:

• SPECIES

species of Styrax . It is obtained by making incisions in the bark of the trees, and appears to be formed as the result of the See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound, not to be secreted normally . There are several varieties of benzoin in See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce: (1) See also:

• SIAM (known to its inhabitants as Muang Thai)

Siam benzoin, which apparently does not come from Styrax benzoin, is the finest and most aromatic, and occurs in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of small " tears, " rarely exceeding 2 in. in length by 1 in. in thickness, and of " blocks " made up of these tears agglomerated by a clear reddish-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown resin . The odour of Siam benzoin is partly due to the presence of vanillin, and the substance contains as much as 38 % of benzoic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid but no cinnamic acid . (2) Sumatra benzoin occurs only in masses formed of dull red resin enclosing See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white tears . It contains about 20 % of cinnamic acid in addition to 18 or even more of benzoic . (3) Palembang benzoin, an inferior variety, said to be obtained from Styrax benzoin in Sumatra, consists of greyish translucent resinous masses, containing small white opaque tears . It does not appear to contain cinnamic acid . Large quantities of benzoin are used as See also:

• INCENSE

incense . Its medicinal uses depend on the contained benzoic acid (q.v.) .