TORBERN OLOF See also:

• TORBERN OLOF BERGMAN (1735-1784)

BERGMAN (1735-1784)  , See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish chemist and naturalist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Katrineberg, Vestergotland, See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden, on the loth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1735 . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of seventeen he entered the university of See also:

• UPSALA, or UPPSALA

Upsala . His See also:

• FATHER

father wished him to read either See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law or divinity, while he himself was anxious to study See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics and natural See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science; in the effort to please both himself and his father he overworked himself and injured his See also:

• HEALTH

health . During a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of enforced See also:

• ABSTINENCE (from Lat. abstinere, to abstain)

abstinence from study, he amussd himself with See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany and See also:

• ENTOMOLOGY (Gr. iv-roµa, insects, and Xiryos, a discourse)

entomology, to such See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good purpose that he was able to send See also:

• LINNAEUS

Linnaeus specimens of several new kinds of See also:

• INSECTS

insects, and in 1756 he succeeded in proving that, contrary to the See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of that naturalist, Coccus aquatic us was really the ovum of a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• LEECH
• LEECH, JOHN (1817-1864)

leech . In 1758, having returned to Upsala, he graduated there, and soon afterwards began to See also:

• TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach mathematics and physics at the university, See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing papers on the See also:

• RAINBOW

rainbow, the See also:

• AURORA
• AURORA (perhaps through a form ausosa from Sansk. ush, to burn ; the common idea of " brightness " suggests a connexion with aurum, gold)

aurora, the pyroelectric phenomena of See also:

• TOURMALINE

tourmaline, &c . In 1767 Johann Gottschalck Wallerius (1709—1785) having resigned the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry and See also:

• MINERALOGY

mineralogy, See also:

• BERGMAN, TORBERN OLOF (1735-1784)

Bergman deter-See also:

• MINED

mined to become a See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate, though he had paid no particular See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to chemistry . As See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of his attainments he produced a memoir on the manufacture of See also:

• ALUM

alum, but his pre-tensions were strongly opposed, and it was only through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Gustavus III., then See also:

• CROWN

crown See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince and See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of the university, that he gained the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment, which he held till the end of his See also:

• LIFE

life . He died at Medevi on See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• VETTER [Vallee or Wetter, often written, with the addition of the definite article, Vettern]

Vetter on the 8th of See also:

• JULY

July 1784 . Bergman's most important chemical See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper is his See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

Essay on Elective Attractions (1775), a study of chemical See also:

• AFFINITY (Lat. affinitas, relationship by marriage, from offinis, bordering on, related to; finis, border, boundary)
• AFFINITY, CHEMICAL

affinity . In methods of chemical See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis, both by the See also:

• BLOWPIPE

blowpipe and in the wet way, he effected many improvements, and he made considerable contributions to mineralogical and See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological chemistry, and to See also:

• CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
• CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (from the Gr. Kpbo TaXXO , ice, and -ypachew, to write)

crystallography . He also made observations of the transit of See also:

• VENUS

Venus in 1761, and published a See also:

• PHYSICAL

Physical Description of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

Earth in 1766 . His See also:

• WORKS

works were collected and printed in 6 vols. as Opuscula Physica et Chemica in 1779-1790, and were translated into See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German and See also:

• ENGLISH

English .