BERYL  , a See also:

• MINERAL

mineral containing See also:

• BERYLLIUM

beryllium and See also:

• ALUMINIUM (symbol Al; atomic weight 27.0)

aluminium in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a silicate; its See also:

• FORMULA
• FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

formula is Bea All Si6 018 . The See also:

• SPECIES

species includes the See also:

• EMERALD

emerald (q.v.), the See also:

• AQUAMARINE (Lat. aqua marina, " water of the sea ")

aquamarine (q.v.) and other trans-See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent varieties known as " See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious beryl," with certain coarse varieties unfit for use as See also:

• GEM (Lat. gemma, a bud,—from the root gen, meaning " to produce,"—or precious stone; in the latter sense the Greek term is > d>os)
• GEM, ARTIFICIAL

gem-stones . The name comes from the Gr . 3r1puXXos, a word of uncertain See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology applied to the beryl and probably several other gems . It is notable that the relation of the emerald to the beryl, though proved only by chemical See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis, was conjectured at least as far back as the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny . Beryl crystallizes in the hexagonal See also:

• SYSTEM

system, usually taking the form of See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long six-sided prisms, striated vertically and terminated817 with the basal See also:

• PLANE

plane, sometimes associated with various pyramidal faces (see fig.) . It cleaves rather imperfectly parallel to the See also:

• BASE

base . The See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour of beryl may he See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue, See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green, yellow, See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown or rarely See also:

• PINK

pink; while in some cases the mineral is colourless . The specific gravity is about 2.7, and the hardness 7.5 to 8, so that for a gem-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone beryl is comparatively soft . Whilst the gem-varieties are transparent, the coarse beryl may be opaque . The transparent crystals are pleochroic—a See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character well marked in emerald . Beryl was much prized as a gem-stone by the ancients, and See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek intaglios o very See also:

• FINE

fine workmanship are extant .

The See also:

• ROMAN

Roman jewellers, taking See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage of the columnar form of the natural crystal, worked it into long cylinders for See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear-pendants . It was a favourite stone with the artists of the See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance, but in See also:

• MODERN

modern times has lost popularity, except in the form of emerald, which remains one of the most valued gem-stones . It is notable that See also:

• ENGLISH

English lapidaries of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century often included the See also:

• SARD

sard under the See also:

• TERM

term beryl—a practice which has led to some confusion in the nomenclature of engraved gems . Beryl occurs as an See also:

• ACCESSORY

accessory constituent of many granitic rocks, especially in See also:

• VEINS

veins of See also:

• PEGMATITE (from Gr. 1r3 y ea, a bond)

pegmatite, whilst it is found also in See also:

• GNEISS

gneiss and in See also:

• MICA

mica: schist . Rolled pebbles of beryl occur, with See also:

• TOPAZ

topaz, in See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil, especially in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• MINAS [MINOIDES] (c. 1790-186o)

Minas Geraes . Crystals are found in drusy cavities in See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite in the Urals, not-ably near Mursinka; in the See also:

• ALTAI (in Mongolian Altain-ula, the " Mountains of Gold ")

Altai Mountains, which have yielded very long prismatic crystals; and in the See also:

• MINING

mining See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• NERCHINSK
• NERCHINSK (in full NERCHINSKIY ZAVOD)

Nerchinsk in See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia, principally in the Adun-Chalon range, where beryl occurs in veins of topaz-See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock piercing granite . Among See also:

• EUROPEAN

European localities may be mentioned See also:

• ELBA (Gr. AiWaXla; Lat. Ilva)

Elba, See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good crystals being occasionally found in the See also:

• TOURMALINE

tourmaline-granite of See also:

• SAN

San See also:

• PIERO (1443—1496)

Piero . In See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland excellent crystals of beryl occur in See also:

• DRUSES
• DRUSES, or DRUZES (Arab. Druz)

druses of the granite of the Mourne Mountains in Co . Down, and others less fine are found in the See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

highlands of See also:

• DONEGAL

Donegal, whilst the mineral is also known from the See also:

• LEINSTER

Leinster granite . It occurs likewise in the granite of the See also:

• GRAMPIANS, THE

Grampians in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, and is not unknown in See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall, specimens having been found, with topaz, See also:

• APATITE

apatite, &c., in See also:

• JOINTS

joints of the granite of St See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael's See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount . Many localities in the See also:

• UNITED

United States yield beryl, sometimes sufficiently fine to be cut as a gem . It is found, for example, at See also:

• HIDDENITE

Hiddenite and elsewhere in See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, N.C.; at Haddam and See also:

• MONROE
• MONROE, JAMES (1758-1831)

Monroe, See also:

• CONN
• CONN, LOUGH

Conn.; at See also:

• STONEHAM

Stoneham and at See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany, in See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford county, See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine; at Royalston, See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

Mass.; and at Mt .

Antero, See also:

• COLORADO

Colorado, where it occurs with See also:

• PHENACITE

phenacite . Beryl of beautiful pink colour occurs in San Diego county, See also:

• CALIFORNIA
• CALIFORNIA, LOWER (Baja California)
• CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

California . Coarse beryl, much rifted, is found in crystals of very large See also:

• SIZE

size at See also:

• GRAFTON
• GRAFTON, DUKES OF
• GRAFTON, RICHARD (d. 1572)

Grafton and Acworth, N.H.; a crystal from Grafton weighing more than 22 tons . A colourless beryl from See also:

• GOSHEN

Goshen, Mass., has been called Goshenite; whilst crystals of coarse yellow beryl from Rubislaw See also:

• QUARRY

quarry in See also:

• ABERDEENSHIRE

Aberdeenshire, Scotland, have been termed Davidsonite . Beryl suffers alteration by weathering, and may thus pass into See also:

• KAOLIN

kaolin and mica . (F . W .