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JONS See also:JAKOB See also:BERZELIUS (1779-1848)
, See also:Swedish chemist, was See also:born at Vafversunda Sorgard, near See also:Linkoping, See also:Sweden, on the loth (or 29th) of See also:August 1779
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After attending the gymnasium school at Linkoping he went to See also:Upsala University, where he studied See also:chemistry and See also:medicine, and graduated as M.D. in 1802
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Appointed assistant See also:professor of See also:botany and See also:pharmacy at See also:Stockholm in the same See also:year, he became full professsor in 1807, and from 1815 to 1832 was professor of chemistry in the See also:Caroline medico-chirurgical institution of that See also:city
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The Stockholm See also:Academy of Sciences elected him a member in 18o8, and in 1818 he became its perpetual secretary
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The same year he was ennobled by See also: At first this hypothesis was confined to inorganic chemistry, but subsequently he extended it to organic compounds, which he saw might similarly be regarded as containing a See also:group or See also:groups of atoms—a compound radicle—in See also:place of simple elements . Although his conception of the nature of compound radicles did not See also:long retain See also:general favour-indeed he himself changed it more than once—he is entitled to See also:rank as one of the chief founders of the radicle theory . Another service of the utmost importance which he rendered to the study of chemistry was in continuing and extending the efforts of See also:Lavoisier and his associates to establish a convenient See also:system of chemical nomenclature . By using the initial letters of the Latin (occasionally See also:Greek) names of the elements as symbols for them, and adding a small See also:numeral subscript, to show the number of atoms of each See also:present in a compound, he introduced the present system of chemical formulation (see CHEMISTRY) . Mention should also be made of the numerous improvements he effected in See also:analytical methods and the technique of the See also:blowpipe (Uber See also:die Anwendung See also:des Lothrohrs, 1820), of his See also:classification of minerals on a chemical basis, and of many individual researches such as those on See also:tellurium, See also:selenium, See also:silicon, See also:thorium, See also:titanium, See also:zirconium and See also:molybdenum, most of which he isolated for the first See also:time . Apart from his See also:original See also:memoirs, of which he published over 250, mostly in Swedish in the Transactions of the Stock-holm Academy, his remarkable See also:literary activity is attested by his Lehrbuch der Chemie, which went through five See also:editions (first 1803–1818, fifth 1843–1848) and by his Jahresbericht or See also:annual See also:report on the progress of physics and chemistry, prepared at the instance of the Stockholm Academy, of which he published 27 vols . (1821–1848) . |
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