See also:

• BETHLEHEM
• BETHLEHEM (Heb. " House of Bread," or, according to a more questionable etymology, " of [the god] Lakhmu ")

BETHLEHEM (Heb. " See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• BREAD

Bread," or, according to a more questionable See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology, " of [the See also:

• GOD

god] Lakhmu ")  , a small See also:

• TOWN

town in See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine, situated on a See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge (2550 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level), 5 M . S. of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem . The neighbourhood produces See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley, See also:

• OLIVES, MOUNT OF, or MOUNT OLIVET ("Opus 'EXc uwos or riov 'EXauav; mod. Jebel-et-Tur)

olives and vines in abundance . It was occupied in very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early times, though the references in See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

Judges xvii., xix., and Ruthl are of doubtful date . It was the early See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home of See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David and of See also:

• JOAB (Heb. " Yah [well] is a father ")

Joab (2 Sam. ii . 32) . It was fortified by See also:

• REHOBOAM (Heb. re)zab`am, probably " the clan is en-'arged," see Ecclus. xlvii. 23, although on the analogy of Rehabiah and Bab. ra'bi-ilu, `Am may represent some god; Septuagint reads po(3oa,u)

Rehoboam, and in the neighbouring See also:

• INN

inn of Chimham the murderers of Gedaliah took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge (Jer. xli . 17) . See also:

• MICAH
• MICAH (r )

Micah (v . 2) and other writers speak of it as See also:

• BETHLEHEM
• BETHLEHEM (Heb. " House of Bread," or, according to a more questionable etymology, " of [the god] Lakhmu ")

Bethlehem-Ephrathah: perhaps Ephrathah was the name of the See also:

• DISTRICT

district . Almost See also:

• COMPLETE

complete obscurity, however, was gathering See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round it when it became (according to Matt. u. and See also:

• LUKE
• LUKE, GOSPEL OF ST

Luke ii.) the birthplace of Jesus . The traditional See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of the Nativity, a grotto on the eastern See also:

• PART

part of the ridge, is alleged to have been desecrated during the reign of See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian by a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• ADONIS

Adonis .

In 330 it was enclosed by a See also:

• BASILICA

basilica built by the orders of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine . This basilica (S . Maria a Praesepio), which is still See also:

• STANDING

standing, was restored and added to by Justinian, and was later surrounded by the three convents successively erected by the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek, Latin and Armenian Churches (see de See also:

• VOGUE, EUGENE MELCHIOR, COMTE DE (1848- )

Vogue, See also:

• LES

Les Eglises de la Terre Sainte) . Captured by the Crusaders in the llth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, Bethlehem was made an episcopal see; but the bishopric sown sank to a titular dignity . Beside the grotto of the Nativity other traditional sites are shown within the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, such as the See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

Altar of the Magi, the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

Tomb of See also:

• EUSEBIUS
• EUSEBIUS (Gr. EuOi/3tos, from ebaegils, pious, cf. the Latin name Pius)
• EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)
• EUSEBIUS [OF EMESA] (d. c. "36o)

Eusebius, the See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

cave wherein See also:

• JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA (1859– )
• JEROME, ST (HIERONYMUS, in full EUSEBIUS SOPHRONIUS HIERONYMUS) (c. 340–420)

Jerome made his See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible, &c . There are several monasteries and convents, and See also:

• BRITISH

British, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools . The See also:

• VILLAGE

village is well built and comparatively clean . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population (8000) has contained few Moslems since the Moslem See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter was destroyed by See also:

• IBRAHIM

Ibrahim See also:

• PASHA

Pasha, in revenge for the See also:

• MURDER

murder of one of his favourites, after the insurrection of 1834 . The See also:

• CARVING

carving of crucifixes and other sacred mementoes gives employment to a large proportion of the population . In 1850 a dispute arose between See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, in the name of the Latin and Greek Churches respectively, concerning the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

key of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door of the basilica, and concerning the right to See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place a See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• STAR

star, with the arms of France, in the grotto of the Nativity . The See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte, after much futile temporizing, yielded to France . The disappointment thus inflicted on Russia was a determining cause of the outbreak of the See also:

• CRIMEAN

Crimean See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War (see See also:

• KINGLAKE, ALEXANDER WILLIAM (1809-1891)

Kinglake, Invasion of the See also:

• CRIMEA (ancient Tauris or Tauric Chersonese, called by the Russians by the Tatar name Krym or Crim)

Crimea, See also:

• CHAP

chap. iii.) .

[There is a tiny village of the same name in See also:

• ZEBULUN

Zebulun, 7 M . N.W. of See also:

• NAZARETH (mod. en-Ndsira)

Nazareth (Josh. xv . 19).] See bibliography under PALESTINE . For the See also:

• MODERN

modern town see See also:

• PALMER
• PALMER, EDWARD HENRY (1840-1882)
• PALMER, ERASTUS DOW (1817-1904)
• PALMER, GEORGE (1818-1897)
• PALMER, JOHN
• PALMER, RAY (1808-1887)
• PALMER, SAMUEL (1805-1881)
• PALMER, SIR CHARLES MARK, BART

Palmer, "Das jetzige Bethlehem," in the Zeitschrift of the Deutsche Palestina-Verein, xvii. p . 89 . (R . A . S .