BHAGALPUR  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in the See also:

• BEHAR, or BIHAR

Behar See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal, which gives its name to a See also:

• DISTRICT

district and to a See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division; situated on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• GANGES (GANGA)

Ganges, 265 m: from See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta . It is a station on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• INDIAN

Indian railway . Pop . (1901) 75,760, showing an increase of 9% in the See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief educational institution is the Tejnarayan See also:

• JUBILEE (or JUBILE), YEAR OF

Jubilee See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college (1887), supported almost entirely by fees . Adjacent to the See also:

• TOWN

town are the two See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus See also:

• CLEVELAND
• CLEVELAND (or CLEIVELAND), JOHN (1613—1658)
• CLEVELAND, BARBARA VILLIERS, DUCHESS OF (1641-1709)
• CLEVELAND, STEPHEN GROVER (1837-1908)

Cleveland monuments, one erected by See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and the other by the See also:

• HINDUS

Hindus, to the memory of the civilian, who, as See also:

• COLLECTOR

collector of Bhagalpur at the end of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, " by conciliation, confidence and benevolence, attempted and accomplished the entire subjection of the lawless and See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage inhabitants of the Jungleterry of RajmahaI." The DISTRICT OF BHAGALPUR stretches across both See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Ganges . It has an See also:

• AREA

area of 4226 sq. m . In 1901 the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population was 2,088,953, showing an increase of 3 % in the decade . Bhagalpur is a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and narrow district, divided into two unequal parts by the See also:

• RIVER

river Ganges . In the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern portion of the district the scenery in parts of the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill-ranges and the See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

highlands which connect them is very beautiful . The hills are of See also:

• PRIMARY

primary formation, with See also:

• FINE

fine masses of contorted See also:

• GNEISS

gneiss . The ground is broken up into picturesque See also:

• GORGES, SIR FERDINANDO (c. 1566-1647)

gorges and deep ravines, and the whole is covered with fine See also:

• FOREST

forest trees and a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich under-growth .

Within this portion also See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie the lowlands of Bhagalpur, fertile, well planted, well watered, and highly cultivated . The See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the Ganges is level, but beautifully diversified with trees and verdure . Three fine See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers flow through the district—the Ganges, Kusi and Ghagri . The Ganges runs a course of 6o m, through Bhagalpur, is navigable all the See also:

• YEAR

year See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round, and has an See also:

• AVERAGE

average width of 3 M . The Kusi rises in the Himalayas and falls into the Ganges near Colgong within Bhagalpur . It is a fine stream, navigable up to the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the hills, and receives the Ghagri 8 in. above its debouchure . In the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early days of British See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration the hill See also:

• PEOPLE

people,, the Nats and See also:

• SANTALS

Santals, gave much trouble . They were the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original inhabitants of the country whom the See also:

• ARYAN

Aryan conquerors had driven back into the barren hills and unhealthy forests . This they avenged from See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation to generation by plundering and ravaging the plains . The efforts to subdue or restrain these marauders proved fruitless, till Augustus Cleveland won them by mild See also:

• MEASURES

measures, and successfully made over the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of the district to the very hill people who a few years before had been its See also:

• SCOURGE (Ital. scoriada, from Lat. excoriare, to flay, corium, skin)

scourge . See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

Rice, See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley, oats, Indian See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn, various kinds of See also:

• MILLET (Fr. millet; Ital. miglietto, diminutive of miglio= Lat. mille, a thousand, in allusion to its fertility)
• MILLET (or MILE), JEAN FRANCOIS (c. 1642–1679)
• MILLET, FRANCIS DAVIS (1846- )
• MILLET, JEAN FRANCOIS (1814–1875)

millet, pulses, oil-seeds, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, See also:

• INDIGO (earlier indico, from Lat. indicum, the Indian sub-stance or dye; the Sans. name was niti, from nila, dark blue, and this through Arab. al-nil, annil, gives " aniline ")

indigo, See also:

• OPIUM (Gr. amov, dim. from Orbs, juice)

opium, See also:

• FLAX

flax and See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp and See also:

• SUGAR

sugar-See also:

• CANE

cane, are the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal agricultural products of Bhagalpur district . The jungles afford See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good pasturage in the hot See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather, and abound in See also:

• LAC

lac, See also:

• SILK

silk cocoons, See also:

• CATECHU

catechu, See also:

• RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin and the mahud See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit, which is both used as fruit and for the manufacture of See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits .

See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

Lead ores (chiefly argentiferous See also:

• GALENA

galena) and See also:

• BUILDING

building See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone are found, and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron ore is distributed over the hilly country . Attempts made to See also:

• WORK

work the galena in 1878–79 and 1900 were abandoned, and the iron ore is little worked . See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

Gold is washed from the river See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand in small particles . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate of Bhagalpur partakes of the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character both of the deltaic districts of Bengal and of the districts of Behar, between which it is situated . The hot See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season sets in about the end of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March, and continues till the beginning of See also:

• JUNE

June, the temperature at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time rising as high as I ro° Fahr . The rains usually begin at the end of June and last till the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September; average See also:

• ANNUAL

annual rainfall, 55 in . The See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold season commences at the beginning of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November and lasts till March . During See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December and See also:

• JANUARY

January the temperature falls as See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low as 4r° Fahr . The average annual temperature is 78° . Bhagalpur formed a See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• SANSKRIT

Sanskrit See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Anga . In later times it was included in the powerful See also:

• HINDU

Hindu kingdom of See also:

• MAGADHA

Magadha or Behar, and in the 7th century A.D. it was an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, with the city of Champa for its See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital . It afterwards formed a part of the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan kingdom of See also:

• GAUR
• GAUR, or LAKHNAUTI

Gaur, and was subsequently subjugated by See also:

• AKBAR, AKHBAR

Akbar, who declared it to be a part of the See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi See also:

• EMPIRE

empire .

Bhagalpur passed to the East India See also:

• COMPANY

Company by the See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Shah Alam in 1765 . There are indigo factories, and other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries include the See also:

• WEAVING

weaving of tussur silk and the making of coarse See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass . A large See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is carried on by See also:

• RAIL

rail and river with See also:

• LOWER

Lower Bengal . The See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the Ganges is traversed by the See also:

• LOOP

loop-See also:

• LINE

line of the East Indian railway, and there is also a railway across the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern tract . The DIVISION OF BHAGALPUR stretches across the Ganges from the See also:

• NEPAL, NEPAUL

Nepal frontier to the hills of See also:

• CHOTA (or CHUTIA) NAGPUR

Chota See also:

• NAGPUR

Nagpur . It comprises the five districts of See also:

• MONGHYR

Monghyr, Bhagalpur, See also:

• PURNEA

Purnea, See also:

• DARJEELING

Darjeeling, and the See also:

• SANTAL (or SONTHAL) PARGANAS, THE

Santal Parganas . The See also:

• TOTAL

total area is 19,776 sq. m.; and in 1901 the population was 8,091,405 .