BHARATPUR, or BHURTPORE  , a native state of India, in the Rajputana agency . Its area covers 1982 sq. m . The country is generally level, about 700 ft. above the sea . Small detached hills, rising to 200 ft. in height, occur, especially in the northern part . These hills contain good building stone for ornamental architecture, and in some of them iron ore is abundant . The Banganga is the only river which flows through the state . It takes its rise at Manoharpur in the territory of Jaipur, and flowing eastward passes through the heart of the Bharatpur state, and joins the Jamna below Agra . Bharatpur rose into importance under Suraj Mall, who bore a conspicuous part in the destruction of the Delhi empire . Having built the forts of Dig and Kumbher in 1730, he received in 1756 the title of raja, and subsequently joined the great Mahratta army with 30,000 troops . But the misconduct of the Mahratta leader induced him to abandon the confederacy, just in time to escape the murderous defeat at Panipat . Suraj Mall raised the Jat power to its highest point; and Colonel Dow, in 1770, estimated the raja's revenue (perhaps extravagantly) at £2,000,000 and his military force at 6o,000 or 70,000 men . In 1803 the East India Company concluded a treaty, offensive and defensive, with Bharatpur .

In 1804, however, the raja assisted the

Mahrattas against the British . The English under Lord Lake captured the fort of Dig and besieged Bharatpur, but were compelled to raise the siege after four attempts at storming . A treaty, concluded on the 17th of April 1805, guaranteed the raja's territory; but he became bound to pay £200,000 as indemnity to the East India Company . A dispute as to the right of the succession again led to a war in 1825, and Lord Combermere captured Bharatpur with a besieging force of 20,000 men, after a desperate resistance, on the 18th of January 1826 . The fortifications were dismantled, the hostile chief being deported to Benares, and an infant son of the former raja installed under a treaty favourable to the company . In 1853 the Bharatpur ruler died, leaving a minor heir . The state came under British management, and the administration was improved, the revenue increased, a system of irrigation developed, new tanks and wells constructed and an excellent system of roads and public buildings organized . Owing to the hot winds blowing from Rajputana, the climate of Bharatpur is extremely sultry till the setting in of the periodical rains . In 1901 the population was 626,665, a decrease of 2 % . The estimated revenue is £18o,000 . The maharaja Ram Singh, who succeeded his father in 1893, was deprived of power of government in 1875 on the ground of intemperate conduct; and in 1900 was finally deposed for the murder of one of his personal attend-ants . He was succeeded by his infant son Kishen Singh .

During his minority the administration was undertaken by a native

minister, together with a state council, under the general superintendence of the political agent . Imperial service cavalry are maintained . The state is traversed for about 40 M. by the Rajputana railway . The CITY OF BHARATPUR is 34 M . W. of Agra by rail . The population in 1901 was 43,601, showing a decrease of over 23,000 in the decade . The immense mud ramparts still stand . It has a handsome palace, a new hospital and a high school . There are special manufactures of chauris, or flappers, with handles of sandalwood, ivory or silver, and tails also made of strips of ivory or sandalwood as fine as horse-hair .