BIBLIOCRAPHV  .—Commentaries de

Charles-quint, ed. by Baron Kervyn de Lettenhove (Brussels, 1862) ; Memoirs written by Charles in 1550, and treating somewhat fully of the years 1543–1548; W . Robertson, History of the Emperor Charles V . (latest ed., London, 1887), an English classic, which needs supplementing by later authorities; F . A . Mignet, Rivalite de Francois I et de Charles-quint (2 vols., Paris, 1875) ; E . Armstrong, The'Emperor Charles V . (2 vols., London, 1902), to which reference may be made for monographs and collections of documents bearing on the reign; H . Baumgarten, Geschichte Karla V . (3 vols., Stuttgart, 1885–1893), very full but extending only to 1539; G. de Leva, Scoria documentata di Carlo V. in sorrelazione all'Italia (5 vols., Venice, 1862–1894), a general history of the reign, though with special reference to its Italian aspects, and extending to 1552; article by L . P . Gachard in Biographie nationale, vol. iii., 1872, an excellent compressed account . The life of Charles V. at Yuste may be studied in L .

P . Gachard's Retraite et mart de Charles-quint au monastere de Yuste (Brussels, 1854–1855), and in

Sir W . Stirling-Maxwell's The Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles V . (London, 4 editions from 1852) ; also in W . H . Prescott's edition of Robertson's History (1857) . (E .