BIBLIOG RA PHY  .—Tholuck, Sufismus sive theosophia Persarum pantheistica (Berlin, 1821); Bluthensammlung aus der morgenldndischen Mystik (Berlin, 1825) ; E . H . Palmer, Oriental Mysticism (Cambridge, 1867) ; Von Kremer, Geschichte der herrschenden Ideen des Islams (Leipzig, 1868) ; Goldziher, "Materialien zur Entwickelungsgeschichte des Sufismus " in W.Z.K.M. xiii . 35 sqq . " Die Heiligenverehrung im Islam " in Muhammedanische Studien, ii . 277 sqq . (Halle, 189o) " The Influence of Buddhism on Islam " in J.R.A.S . (1904), 125 sqq . ; and Vorlesungen fiber den Islam, 139 sqq . (Heidelberg, 1910) ; E . H . Whinfield, the Gulshan-i-Raz of Mahmud Shabistari, edited with translation and notes (London, r88o), and Abridged translation of the Masnavi (London, 1898); E .

G .

Browne, A Year amongst the Persians (London, 1893) ; Merx, Ideen and Grundlinien einer allgemeinen Geschichte der Mystik (Heidelberg, 1893) ; H . Ethe, " Die mystische and didaktische Poesie " in Geiger and Kuhn's Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, ii . 271 sqq . (Strassburg, 1896–1904) ; Gibb, History of Ottoman Poetry, especially i . 3 sqq . (London, 1900–1907) ; D . B . Macdonald, " Emotional religion in Islam," in J.R.A.S . (1901–1902) ; Development of Muslim theology (New York, 1903) and The religious attitude and life in Islam (Chicago, 1909) ; R . A . Nicholson, Selected poems from the Divani Shamsi Tabriz (Cambridge, 1898) .

" Enquiry concerning the origin and development of

Sufiism " in J.R.A.S . (1906), 303 sqq., and Translation of the Kashf al-Mahjub (London, 1910) ; Sheikh Muhammad Iqbal, The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (London, 1908) .