See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

NICHOLAS See also:

• BIDDLE, JOHN (1615-1662)
• NICHOLAS BIDDLE (1786—1844)

BIDDLE (1786—1844)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American financier, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia on the 8th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1786 . He was the See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew of a See also:

• NAVAL

naval officer, See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas See also:

• BIDDLE, JOHN (1615-1662)
• BIDDLE, NICHOLAS (1786—1844)

Biddle (1750—1778), who lost his See also:

• LIFE

life while fighting on the American See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, during the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of American See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence . After almost See also:

• FINISHING

finishing the prescribed course at the university of See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania, the boy went to See also:

• PRINCETON

Princeton, where he graduated with high honours in 18oi . During 1804—1807 he was the secretary, first of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• ARMSTRONG, ARCHIBALD (d. 1672)
• ARMSTRONG, JOHN (1709-1779)
• ARMSTRONG, JOHN (1758—1843)
• ARMSTRONG, SAMUEL CHAPMAN (1839—1893)
• ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM GEORGE ARMSTRONG, BARON (1810—1900)

Armstrong, See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and then of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• MONROE
• MONROE, JAMES (1758-1831)

Monroe, minister to See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . After his return to See also:

• AMERICA

America he practised See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law for several years in Philadelphia, was an See also:

• ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate editor of Dennie's See also:

• PORTFOLIO (shortened form of Porto folio, adapted from the Ital. portafogli, portare, to carry, and fogli, sheets or leaves of paper, Lat. folium, leaf)

Portfolio, to which he contributed both See also:

• PROSE

prose and See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse, and, with much See also:

• LITERARY

literary skill, prepared for the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press from the explorers' own See also:

• JOURNALS

journals a See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis and See also:

• CLARK, FRANCIS EDWARD (1851- )
• CLARK, GEORGE ROGERS (1752—1818)
• CLARK, JOHN BATES (1847— )
• CLARK, JOSIAH LATIMER (1822—1898)
• CLARK, SIR ANDREW
• CLARK, SIR JAMES (1788—1870)
• CLARK, THOMAS (1801—1867)
• CLARK, WILLIAM (1770-1838)
• CLARK, WILLIAM GEORGE (1821—1878)

Clark (1814) . He was a prominent member of the Pennsylvania See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Representatives in 1810—1811 and of the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate in 1814—1817, and in 1819 became, by See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President Monroe's See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment, one of the five See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• DIRECTORS

directors of the See also:

• BANK

Bank of the See also:

• UNITED

United States . In 1823 he replaced See also:

• LANGDON, JOHN (1741—1819)

Langdon Cheves as its president . In See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general he followed a conservative policy and showed marked ability in the management of the bank, but during President See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson's warfare upon that institution, his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and his policy were violently assailed by the president and his followers . The bank's See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter lapsed in 1836, but it was immediately chartered by Pennsylvania as the " Bank of the United States, of Pennsylvania "; and Biddle remained president until 1839, two years before the bank failed . As president of the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of trustees appointed for the purpose, he took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of See also:

• GIRARD, JEAN BAPTISTE [known as " Le Pere Girard " or" Le Pere Gregoire "] (1765-185o)
• GIRARD, PHILIPPE HENRI DE (1775-1845)
• GIRARD, STEPHEN (1750-1831)

Girard See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, in accordance with the will of See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen Girard (q.v.) . He died in Philadelphia on the 27th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1844 . His son, See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES JOHN BIDDLE (1819-1873), served in the Mexican War as a captain of See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry, earning the See also:

• BREVET (a diminutive of the Fr. bref)

brevet of See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major at Chapultepec; practised law in Philadelphia; was a representative in See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress in 1861—1863; was See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long editor-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the Philadelphia See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

Age; and published "The See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

Case of Major See also:

• ANDRE, JOHN (1751-178o)

Andre, with a See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review of the Statement of it in See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Mahon's History of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England," in the See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of the See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Society of Pennsylvania (1858) .

The best See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Nicholas Biddle's See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the bank may be found in an excellent See also:

• WORK

work, by See also:

• RALPH (d. 1122)

Ralph C . H . Catterall, The Second Bank of the United States (See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago, 1903) .