See also:

• BIENNE, LAKE OF, or BIELERSEE
• BIENNE, or BIEL

BIENNE, or See also:

• BIEL, GABRIEL (c. 1425—1495)

BIEL  , an See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial See also:

• TOWN

town in the Swiss See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

canton of See also:

• BERN (Fr. Berne)

Bern . It is built between the N.E. end of the See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake of the same name and the point at which the See also:

• RIVER

river Suze or Scheuss (on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of which it is situated) issues from a deep cleft (called the Taubenloch) in the See also:

• JURA
• JURA (" deer island ")

Jura range . See also:

• BIENNE, LAKE OF, or BIELERSEE
• BIENNE, or BIEL

Bienne is 19 m. by See also:

• RAIL

rail N.E. of See also:

• NEUCHATEL
• NEUCHATEL (Ger. Neuenburg)
• NEUCHATEL, LAKE OF

Neuchatel, and 21 M . N.W. of Bern . Its industrial importance is shown by the fact that it is the site of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Swiss technical See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

institute, which has departments for instruction in See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch-making, in See also:

• ELECTRICITY

electricity, in See also:

• ENGRAVING

engraving and See also:

• CHASING, or ENCHASING

chasing, and in subjects See also:

• RELATING

relating to railway, postal and See also:

• TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

telegraph matters . Its See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are watch-making, See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain-making, the manufacture of See also:

• MACHINES

machines and other See also:

• OBJECTS

objects for use on See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, &c . Its rapidly increasing commercial activity accounts no doubt for the rapid rise in its See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population, which in 185o was but 3589, See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose in 187o to 8165, and in 1900 was 22,016, mainly See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant, and two-thirds See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German-speaking . The See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• BENEDICT (BENEDICTUS)
• BENEDICT, SIR JULIUS (1804-1885)

Benedict See also:

• DATES

dates from 1451, but was restored in 1775—it has some See also:

• FINE

fine 15th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century painted See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass in the See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir . In the town is the Schwab museum, which is chiefly notable for its fine collection of objects from the lake-dwellings . To the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-west of Bienne two funicular railways See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead up to Evilard (or Leubringen) and Macolin (or Magglingen) ,both situated on the slope of the Jura . First mentioned in the 12th century, Bienne continued for centuries to be under the See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince-See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel . In 1279 (permanently in 1352) it made an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with Bern, in 1344 with See also:

• SOLEURE
• SOLEURE (Ger. Solothurn)

Soleure, and in 1382 with See also:

• FRIBOURG [Ger. Freiburg]

Fribourg .

But its attempts to be admitted into the Swiss See also:

• CONFEDERATION (Fr. confederation, Lat. confoederatio, from foedus, a league, foederare, to form a league)

Confederation were fruitless, though after it adopted the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation in 1525, it was closely associated with the Protestant cantons . In 1798 it was seized by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, but in 1815, with the greater See also:

• PART

part of the bishopric of Basel, it became part of the canton of Bern . See C . A . Bloesch, Geschichte der Stadt See also:

• BIEL, GABRIEL (c. 1425—1495)

Biel (to 1854), (3 vols., Biel, 18J5-1856) . (W . A . B .