See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

HUGH See also:

• HUGH BIGOD (d. 1177)

BIGOD (d. 1177)  , See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk, was the second son of See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger See also:

• BIGOD, HUGH (d. 1177)

Bigod (d . 1107), the founder of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• FAMILY

family of this name . See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh inherited large estates in See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Anglia on the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William in 1120, and enjoyed the favour of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry I . At first a supporter of See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen during this See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's struggle with the empress See also:

• MATILDA (1046-1115)
• MATILDA (1102-1164)

Matilda, Hugh was rewarded with the earldom of Norfolk before 1141 . After having fought for the king at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln the earl deserted him, assumed a position of armed See also:

• NEUTRALITY

neutrality during the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general anarchy, and then assisted Henry II. in his efforts to obtain the See also:

• THRONE

throne . This king confirmed him in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of his earldom; but becoming restless under the See also:

• RULE

rule of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law initiated by Henry, he participated in the revolt of 1173, which so far as See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England was concerned centred See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round his possessions . Though defeated and compelled to surrender his castles, Bigod kept his lands and his earldom, and lived at See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with Henry II. until his death, which probably took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine . His son ROGER (d . 1221), who succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk, was confirmed in his earldom and other honours by See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard I., after he had fallen under the displeasure of Henry II . He took See also:

• PART

part in the negotiations for the See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release of Richard from See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison, and after the king's return to England became See also:

• JUSTICIAR (med. Lat. justiciarius or justitiarius, a judge)

justiciar . The earl was one of the leaders of the baronial party which obtained See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John's assent to Magna Carta, and his name appears among the signatories to this document.923 Roger was succeeded as 3rd earl by his son, Hugh, who died in 1225, leaving a son, ROGER (d . 1270), who became 4th earl of Norfolk .

Through his See also:

• MOTHER

mother, Matilda, a daughter of William See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal, earl of See also:

• PEMBROKE
• PEMBROKE (Penfro)
• PEMBROKE, EARLS OF

Pembroke, Roger obtained the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of marshal of England in 1246 . He was prominent among the barons who wrested the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government frgm the hands of Henry III., and assisted See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon de See also:

• MONTFORT
• MONTFORT, SIMON DE, EARL OF LEICESTER (d. 1265)

Montfort . The earl married See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella, daughter of William the See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion, king of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, but See also:

• LEFT

left no sons . Hugh, the 3rd earl, left a younger son, HUGH (d . 1266), who was See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief justiciar of England from 1258 to 1260, and who fought for Henry III. at the battle of See also:

• LEWES
• LEWES, CHARLES LEE (1740–1803)

Lewes . The latter's son, ROGER, succeeded his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle Roger as 5th earl of Norfolk in 1270 . This earl is the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero of a famous altercation with See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. in 1297, which arose out of the king's command that Bigod should serve against the king of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France in See also:

• GASCONY (Wasconia)

Gascony, while he went to See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders . The earl asserted that by the See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of his lands he was only compelled to serve across the seas in the See also:

• COMPANY

company of the king himself, whereupon Edward said, "By See also:

• GOD

God, earl, you shall either go or hang,"„to which Bigod replied, " By the same See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath, 0 king, I will neither go nor hang." The earl gained his point, and after Edward had left for France he and See also:

• HUMPHREY (or HUMFREY), LAWRENCE (1527?-1590)

Humphrey See also:

• BOHUN

Bohun, earl of See also:

• HEREFORD

Hereford, prevented the collection of an aid for the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war and forced Edward to confirm the charters in this See also:

• YEAR

year and again in 1301 . See also:

• STUBBS [STUBBES], PHILIP (c. 1555-c. 161o)
• STUBBS [STUnnE], JOHN
• STUBBS, WILLIAM (1825-1901)

Stubbs says Bigod and Bohun " are but degenerate sons of mighty fathers; greater in their opportunities than in their patriotism." The earl died without issue in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1306, when his See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct, and his estates reverted to the See also:

• CROWN

crown . The Bigods held the hereditary office of steward (dapifer) of the royal See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household, and their chief See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle was at See also:

• FRAMLINGHAM

Framlingham in See also:

• SUFFOLK
• SUFFOLK, CHARLES BRANDON, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1484–'545)
• SUFFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SUFFOLK, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1561-1626)
• SUFFOLK, WILLIAM DE LA POLE

Suffolk . See W . Stubbs, Constitutional See also:

• HISTORY

History, vols. i. and ii .

(1896–1897); J . R . See also:

• PLANCHE, JEAN BAPTISTE GUSTAVE (1808–1857)

Planche, " The Earls of East Anglia " (Brit . See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

Arch . See also:

• ASS (O.E. assa; Lat. asinus)
• ASS, FEAST OF THE

Ass., vol. xxi., 1865) ; and G . E . C(okayne), See also:

• COMPLETE

Complete See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

Peerage, vol. vi .