See also:

• BILFINGER (BtLFFINGER), GEORG BERNHARD (1693–175o)

BILFINGER (BtLFFINGER), GEORG BERNHARD (1693–175o)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German philosopher, mathematician and statesman, son of a Lutheran See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 23rd of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1693, at Kanstatt in See also:

• WURTTEMBERG

Wurttemberg . As a boy he showed See also:

• GREAT

great aptitude for study, and at first devoted himself to See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology, but under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• WOLFF (less correctly WOLF), CHRISTIAN (1679-1754)
• WOLFF, CASPAR FRIEDRICH (1733-1794)
• WOLFF, JOSEPH (1795–1862)

Wolff's writings he took up See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics and See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy on the lines of Wolff and See also:

• LEIBNITZ (LEIBNIZ), GOTTFRIED WILHELM

Leibnitz . Returning to theology, he attempted to connect it with philosophy in a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise, Dilucidationes philosophicae, de deo, anima humana, mundo (See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen, 1725, 1746, 1768) . This See also:

• WORK

work, containing nothing See also:

• ORIGINAL

original, but giving a clear See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation of Wolff's philosophy, met with great success, and the author was appointed to the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of preacher at the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Tubingen and of reader in the school of theology . In 1721, after two years' study under Wolff, he became See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of philosophy at See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle, and in 1724 professor of mathematics . His See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends at Tubingen disapproved his new views, and in 1725, on Wolff's recommendation, he was invited by See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter the Great to lecture in St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg, where he was well received . His success in winning the See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize of a thousand crowns offered for a dissertation on the cause of gravity by the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris secured his return to his native See also:

• LAND

land in 1731 . In 1735, largely on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his knowledge of military See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander (1733–1737) made him a privy councillor, but his hands were tied owing to the frivolous See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . On the See also:

• DEATH

death of the duke, however, he became a member of the Regency See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council, and devoted himself with See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and success to the reorganization of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . In the departments of See also:

• EDUCATION

education, state-See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture and See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, his See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was uniformly successful, and he became in a real sense the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the state . He died at See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart on the 18th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1750 . After his return from See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, he won the highest respect at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and abroad, and See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick the Great is recorded to have said of him, " He was a great See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man whom I shall ever remember with admiration." Beside the Dilucidationes, he wrote:—De See also:

• HARMONIA

harmonia animi et corporis humani commentatio (See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort and See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1735; Tubingen, 1741); De origine et permission mali (1724), an account of the Leibnitzian theodicy .

For his See also:

• LIFE

life and times see Tafinger, Leichenrede (Stuttgart, 175o) ; Prof . See also:

• ABEL (better ABELL), THOMAS (d. 1540)
• ABEL (Hebrew for breath)
• ABEL, KARL FRIEDRICH (1725-1787)
• ABEL, NIELS HENRIK (1802-1829)
• ABEL, SIR FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, BART

Abel in See also:

• MOSER, JOHANN JAKOB (1701-1785)
• MOSER, JUSTUS (172o-1794)

Moser's Patriot . Archiv., 1788, 9, p . 369; Spittler, Verm . Schriften, 13, p . 421; G . Schwab in Morgenblatt (1830) . For his philosophy, see R . Wahl, " See also:

• BILFINGER (BtLFFINGER), GEORG BERNHARD (1693–175o)

Bilfinger's Monadologie" (Zeal- schrift fiir Philos. vol . 85, pp . 66-92, 202-231 (Leipzig, 1884) ; E . See also:

• ZELLER, EDUARD (1814-1908)

Zeller, Geschichte d. See also:

• DEUTSCH, IMMANUEL OSCAR MENAHEM (1829-1873)

deutsch .

Philos. sett Leibnitz, pp .