See also:

• BIOGENESIS (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yi 'eots, generation, birth)

BIOGENESIS (from the Gr. (3ios, See also:

• LIFE

life, and yi 'eots, See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation, See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth)  , a biological See also:

• TERM

term for the theory according to which each living organism, however See also:

• SIMPLE

simple, arises by a See also:

• PROCESS

process of budding, fission, spore-formation of sexual See also:

• REPRODUCTION

reproduction from a See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent organism . Under the heading of See also:

• ABIOGENESIS

ABIOGENESIS (q.v.) is discussed the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of steps by which the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance of See also:

• BIOGENESIS (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yi 'eots, generation, birth)

biogenesis and rejection of abiogenesis has been broughtabout . No biological generalization rests on a wider series observations, or has been subjected to a more See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical See also:

• SCRUTINY (Fr. scrutin, Late Lat. scrulinium, from scrutari, to search or examine thoroughly)

scrutiny than that every living organism has come into existence from a living portion or portions of a pre-existing organism . In the articles REPRODUCTION and See also:

• HEREDITY

HEREDITY the details of the relations between parent and offspring are discussed . There remains for treatment here a curious See also:

• COLLATERAL (from Med. Lat. collateralis,—cum, with, and latus, lateris, side,—side by side, hence parallel or additional)

collateral issue of the theory . It is within See also:

• COMMON

common observation that parent and off-See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring are alike: that the new organism resembles that from which it has come into existence: in See also:

• FINE

fine, biogenesis is homogenesis . Every organism takes origin from a parent organism of the same See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind . The conception of homogenesis, however, does not imply an See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute similarity between parent and organism . In the first See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, the normal See also:

• LIFE

life-See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle of See also:

• PLANTS

plants and animals exhibits what is known as See also:

• ALTERNATION (from Lat. alternare, to do by turns)

alternation of generations, so that any individual in the See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain may resemble its See also:

• GRAND

grand-parent and its grand-See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child, and differ markedly from its parent and child . Next, any organism may pass through a series of See also:

• FREE

free-living larval stages, so that the new organism at first resembles its parent only very remotely, corresponding to an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage in the life-See also:

• HISTORY

history of that parent . (See See also:

• EMBRYOLOGY

EMBRYOLOGY, LARVAL FORMS and REPRODUCTION.) Finally, the conception of homogenesis does not exclude the See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences between parent and offspring that continually occur, forming the material for the slow alteration of See also:

• STOCKS

stocks in the course of See also:

• EVOLUTION

evolution (see VARIATION AND SELECTION) . Homogenesis means simply that such organism comes into existence directly from a parent organism of the same See also:

• RACE

race, and hence of the same See also:

• SPECIES

species, sub-species, genus and so forth .

From See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to time there have been observers who have maintained a belief in the opposite theory, to which the name heterogenesis has been given . According to the latter theory, the offspring of a given organism may be utterly different from itself, so that a known See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal may give rise to another known animal of a different race, species, genus, or even See also:

• FAMILY

family, or to a plant, or See also:

• VICE

vice versa . The most extreme cases of this belief is the well-known See also:

• FABLE (Fr. fable, Lat. fabula)

fable of the " See also:

• BARNACLE

barnacle-geese," an illustrated See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of which was printed in an early See also:

• VOLUME

volume of the Royal Society of See also:

• LONDON

London . Buds of a particular See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree growing near the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea were described as producing barnacles, and these, falling into the See also:

• WATER

water, were supposed to develop into geese . The whole See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story was an imaginary See also:

• EMBROIDERY (M.E. embrouderie, from O. Fr. embroder, Mod. Fr. broder)

embroidery of the facts that barnacles attach themselves to submerged See also:

• TIMBER

timber and that a species of See also:

• GOOSE (a common Teut. word, O. Eng. gOs, pl. ges, Ger. Gans, O. Norse gas, from Aryan root, ghans, whence Sans. hansa, Lat. anser (for hanser)
• GOOSE (GAME OF)

goose is known as the bernicle goose . In modern times the exponents of heterogenesis have limited themselves to cases of microscopic animals and plants, and in most cases, the observations that they have brought forward have been explained by minuter observation as cases of See also:

• PARASITISM

parasitism . No serious observer, acquainted with modern microscopic technical methods, has been able to confirm the explanation of their observations given by the few modern believers in heterogenesis . (P . C .