BIOGRAPHIES  .—HUlskamp, Papst

Pius IX. in seinem Leben and Wirken (2nd ed., Munster, 1870); Legge, Pius IX . (London, 2 vols., 1872) ; Gillet, Pie IX., sa vie et les actes de son pontificat (Paris, 1877) ; Shea, Life and Pontificate of Pius IX . (New York, 1877) ; Trollope, Life of Pius IX . (London, 2 vols., 1877) ; F. v . Dellinger " Pius IX." in his Kleine Schriften, ed . Reusch (Stuttgart, 1890), p . 558 sqq.); Stepischnegg, Papst Pius IX. and seine Zeit (2 vols., Vienna, 1879); Wappmansperger, Leben and Wirken des Papstes Pius IX . (Regensburg, 1879) ; Pougeois, Histoire de Pie IX., son pontifical et son siecle (6 vols., Paris, 1877—1886) ; Fr . Nielsen, The History of the Papacy in the Nth Century, translated under the direction of A . F . Mason, vol. ii . (London, 1906) .

For his

work as sovereign of the papal states, see F. v . Dellinger, Kirche and Kirchen, Papsttum and Kirchenstaat (Munich, 1861); M . Brosch, Geschichte des Kirchenstaates, vol. ii . (Gotha, 1882) ; A . F . Nurnberger, Papsttum and Kirchenstaat (3 vols., Mainz, 1897—1900) ; C . Mirbt " Die Geschichtschreibung des vatikanischen Konzils," in the Historische Zeitschrift, lot . Bd . (3 . Folge, 5 Bd.) 1908, p . 529-600 . SouRcas.—Acta Pia IX .

(4 vols.,

Rome, 1854 sqq.); Acta sanctae sedis (Rome, 1865 sqq.) . A selection of the documents for the history of Pius IX. will be found in C . Mirbt, Quellen zur Geschichte des Papsttums and des romischen Katholicismus (2nd ed., Tubingen, L901), §§ 422-442, PP . 361-390 . (C .