See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• BAPTISTE

BAPTISTE See also:

• JEAN BAPTISTE BIOT (1774-1862)

BIOT (1774-1862)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French physicist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 21st of See also:

• APRIL

April 1774 . After serving for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in the See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery, he was appointed in 1797 See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics at See also:

• BEAUVAIS

Beauvais, and in 1800 he became professor of physics at the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College de See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• LAPLACE, PIERRE SIMON, MARQUIS DE (1749—1827)

Laplace, from whom he had sought and obtained the favour of See also:

• READING

reading the See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof sheets of the Mecanique See also:

• CELESTE, MADAME (1815–1882)

celeste . Three years later, at an unusually See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, he was elected a member of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences, and in 1804 he accompanied See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

Gay Lussac on the first See also:

• BALLOON

balloon ascent undertaken for scientific purposes . In 18o6 he was associated with F . J . D . See also:

• ARAGO, DOMINIQUE FRANCOIS JEAN (1786-1853)

Arago, with whom he had already carried out investigations on the refractive properties of different gases, in the measurement of an arc of the See also:

• MERIDIAN
• MERIDIAN (from the Lat. meridianus, pertaining to the south or mid-day)

meridian in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, and in subsequent years he was engaged in various other See also:

• GEODETIC

geodetic determinations . In 1814 he was made See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

chevalier and in 1849 See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour . He failed in his ambition of becoming perpetual secretary of the Academy of Sciences, but was somewhat consoled by his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election as a member of the French Academy in 1856 . He died in Paris on the 3rd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1862 . His researches extended to almost every See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, but his most important See also:

• WORK

work was of an See also:

• OPTICAL

optical See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . He was especially interested in questions See also:

• RELATING

relating to the polarization of See also:

• LIGHT

light, and his observations in this See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, which gained him the See also:

• RUMFORD, BENJAMIN THOMPSON, COUNT (1753-1814)

Rumford See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal of the Royal Society in 1840, laid the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of the polarimetric See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis of See also:

• SUGAR

sugar .

See also:

• BIOT, JEAN BAPTISTE (1774-1862)

Biot was an extremely prolific writer, and besides a See also:

• GREAT

great number of scientific See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs, See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies, &c., his published See also:

• WORKS

works include: Analyse de la mecanique celeste de M . Laplace (18or) ; Traite analytique See also:

• DES

des courbes et des surfaces du second degre (1802); Recherches sur l'integration des equations differentielles'partielles et sur See also:

• LES

les vibrations des surfaces (1803); Traite de physique (1816) ; Recueil d'observations geodesiques, astronomiques et physiques executees en Espagne et Ecosse, with Arago (1821); Memoire sur la vraie constitution de l'See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere terrestre (1841); Traite elementaire d'astronomie physique (18o5); Recherches ,See also:

• SUS

sus . plusieurs points de l'astronomie egyptiennc (1823); Recherches sur l'ancienne astronomie chinoise (184o); Etudes sur l'astronomie indienne et sur l'astronomie chinoise (1862); Essai sur l'histoire generale des sciences See also:

• PENDANT (through Fr. from Lat. pendere, to hang)

pendant la Revolution (1803); Discours sur See also:

• MONTAIGNE, MICHEL DE (1533-1592)

Montaigne (1812); Lettres sur l'approvisionnement de Paris et sur le See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce des grains (1835); Melanges scientifiques et litteraires (1858) . His son, EDOUARD See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

CONSTANT BIOT (1803-1850), after amassing a competence from railway See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering, turned to,the study of See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese subjects, and published Causes de l'abolition de l'esclavage ancien en occident (1840); Dictionnaire des noms anciens et modernes des villes et des arrondissements compris daps l'See also:

• EMPIRE

empire chinois (1842); Essai sur l'histoire de l'instruction publique en Chine et de la See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation des lettres (1847); Memoire sur les colonies militaires et agricoles des chinois (185o) .