See also:

• BIREJIK (Arab. Bir; classical, Apamea-Zeugma)

BIREJIK (Arab. Bir; classical, See also:

• APAMEA

Apamea-Zeugma)  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• MESOPOTAMIA (Mevoaora)

Mesopotamia, in the See also:

• ALEPPO (native Haleb)

Aleppo vilayet, See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude 1170 ft., built on a See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone cliff 400 ft. high on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• EUPHRATES (Babylon. Purattu, Heb. Perath, Arab. Frdt or Furst, Old Pers. Ufratu, Gr. Eb4 parrls)

Euphrates . Pop. about 1o,000, three-quarters Moslem . It is situated at one of the most important crossings of the Euphrates, where there was, in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient times, a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge of boats, and is now a See also:

• FERRY (from the same root as that of the verb " to fare," to journey or travel, common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. fahren; it is connected with the root of Gr. 7ropos, way, and Lat. portage, to carry)
• FERRY, JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE (1832—1893)

ferry on the road from Aleppo to Urfa, Diarbekr and See also:

• MOSUL

Mosul . See also:

• BIREJIK (Arab. Bir; classical, Apamea-Zeugma)

Birejik corresponds actually to See also:

• APAMEA

Apamea, which See also:

• LAY

lay opposite Zeugma, and commanded the bridge with its strong See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle (Kala Beda) now much ruined . The See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place seems to have had a pre-Seleucid existence as Birtha, a name which revived under See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• RULE

rule (we hear of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• JULIAN (FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS) (331-363)

Julian resting there on his See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march into Mesopotamia, A.D . 363), and is preserved to this See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . The ferry over an unusually deep and narrow See also:

• PART

part of the Euphrates has been used from See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time immemorial in the passage from North See also:

• SYRIA

Syria to Haran (Charrae), See also:

• EDESSA
• EDESSA (mod. , Vodena)

Edessa and North Mesopotamia, and was second in importance only to that at See also:

• THAPSACUS

Thapsacus, by which crossed the route to See also:

• BABYLON (mod. Hillah)

Babylon and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Mesopotamia . Birejik was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of an unusually cruel See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre and persecution of Armenians in 1895 .