See also:

• BIVOUAC (a French word generally said to have been introduced during the Thirty Years' War, perhaps derived from Beiwacht, extra guard)

BIVOUAC (a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French word generally said to have been introduced during the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, perhaps derived from Beiwacht, extra guard)  , originally, a See also:

• NIGHT

night-See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch by a whole See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army under arms to prevent surprise . In See also:

• MODERN

modern military See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par-See also:

• LANCE

lance the word is used to mean a temporary encampment in the open See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field without tents, as opposed to " billets " or " See also:

• CANTONMENT (Fr. cantonnement, from cantonner, to quarter; Ger. Ortsunterkunft or Quartier)

cantonment " on the one See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand and " See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp " on the other . The use of bivouacs permits an army to remain closely concentrated for all emergencies, and avoids the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity for numerous wagons. carrying tents . See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

Constant bivouacs, however, are trying to the See also:

• HEALTH

health of men and horses, and this method of quartering is never employed except when the military situation demands concentration and . readiness . Thus the outposts would often have to See also:

• BIVOUAC (a French word generally said to have been introduced during the Thirty Years' War, perhaps derived from Beiwacht, extra guard)

bivouac while the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• BODY

body of the army See also:

• LAY

lay in billets .