See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES See also:GILLESPIE See also:BLAINE (1830-1893)
, See also:American states-See also:man, was See also:born in See also:West See also:Brownsville, See also:Pennsylvania, on the 31st of See also:January 183o, of sturdy Scottish-Irish stock on the See also:side of his See also:father
.
He was the See also:great-See also:grandson of See also:Colonel See also:Ephraim See also:Blaine(1741-1804), who during the See also:War of See also:Independence served in the American See also:army, from 1778 to 1782 as See also:commissary-See also:general of the See also:Northern See also:Department
.
With many See also:early evidences of See also:literary capacity and See also:political aptitude, J
.
G
.
Blaine graduated at See also:Washington See also:College in Washington, Pennsylvania, in 1847, and subsequently taught successively in the Military See also:Institute, See also:Georgetown, See also:Kentucky, and in the Institution for the See also:Blind at See also:Philadelphia
.
During this See also:period, also, he studied See also:law
.
Settling in See also:Augusta, See also:Maine, in 1854, he became editor of the Kennebec See also:Journal, and subsequently of the See also:Portland Advertiser
.
But his editorial See also:work was soon abandoned for a more active public career
.
He was elected to the See also:lower See also:house of the See also:state legislature in 1858, and served four years, the last two as See also:speaker
.
He also became chairman of the Republican state See also:committee in 1859, and for more than twenty years personally directed every See also:campaign of his party
.
In 1862 he was elected to See also:Congress, serving in the House thirteen years (See also:December 1863 to December 1876), followed by a little over four years in the See also:Senate
.
He was chosen speaker of the House in 1869 and served three terms
.
The House was the See also:fit See also:arena for his political and See also:parliamentary ability
.
He was a ready and powerful debater, full of resource, and dexterous in controversy
.
The tempestuous politics of the war and reconstruction period suited his aggressive nature and constructive See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent
.
The See also:measures for the rehabilitation of the states that had seceded from the See also:Union occupied the See also:chief See also:attention of Congress for several years, and Blaine See also:bore a leading See also:part in framing and discussing them
.
The See also:primary question related to the basis of See also:representation upon which they should be restored to their full See also:rank in the political See also:system
.
A powerful See also:section contended that the basis should be the See also:body of legal voters, on the ground that the See also:South could not then secure an increment of political See also:power' on See also:account of the emancipated blacks unless these blacks were admitted to political rights
.
Blaine, on the other See also:hand, See also:con-tended that representation should be based on See also:population instead of voters, as being fairer to the See also:North, where the ratio of voters varied widely, and he insisted that it should be safeguarded by. See also:security for impartial See also:suffrage
.
This view prevailed, and the Fourteenth See also:Amendment to the Constitution was substantially Blaine's proposition
.
In the same spirit he opposed a See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme of military governments for the See also:southern states, unless associated with a See also:plan by which, upon the See also:acceptance of prescribed conditions, they could See also:release themselves from military See also:rule and resume See also:civil See also:government
.
He was the first in Congress to oppose the claim, which gained momentary and widespread favour in 1867, that the public See also:debt, pledged in See also:coin, should be paid in See also:greenbacks
.
The See also:protection of naturalized citizens who, on return to their native See also:land, were subject to See also:prosecution on charges of disloyalty, enlisted his active See also:interest and support, and the agitation, in which he was conspicuous, led to the treaty of 187o between the See also:United States and Great See also:Britain, which placed adopted and native citizens on the same footing
.
As the presidential See also:election of 1876 approached, Blaine was clearly the popular favourite of his party
.
His See also:chance for securing the nomination, however, was materially lessened by persistent charges which were brought against him by the Democrats that as a member of Congress he had been guilty of corruption in his relations with the Little See also:Rock & Fort See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith and the Northern Pacific See also:railways.' By the See also:majority of Republicans, at least, he was considered to have cleared himself completely, and in the Republican See also:national See also:convention he missed by only twenty-eight votes the nomination for See also:president, being finally beaten by a See also:combination of the supporters of all the other candidates
.
Thereupon he entered the Senate, where his activity was unabated
.
Currency legislation was especially prominent
.
Blaine, who had previously opposed greenback inflation now resisted depreciated See also:silver coinage
.
He was the See also:earnest See also:champion of the See also:advancement of American See also:shipping, and advocated liberal subsidies, insisting that the policy of protection should be applied on See also:sea as well as on land
.
The Republican national
' This attack led to a dramatic See also:scene in the House, in which Blaine fervidly asseverated his denial
.
convention of 188o, divided between the two nearly equal forces of Blaine and General U
.
S
.
See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
Grant—See also:John See also:Sherman of See also:Ohio also having a considerable following—struggled through See also:thirty-six ballots, when the See also:friends of Blaine, combining with those of Sherman, succeeded in nominating General See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James A
.
See also:Garfield
.
In the new See also:administration Blaine became secretary of state, but, owing to the assassination of President Garfield and the re-organization of the See also:cabinet by President See also:Chester A
.
See also:Arthur, he held the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office only until December 1881
.
His brief service was distinguished by several notable steps
.
In See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to promote the friendly understanding and co-operation of the nations on the American continents he projected a See also:Pan-American congress, which, after being arranged for, was frustrated by his retirement
.
He also sought to secure a modification of the See also:Clayton-Bulwer treaty, and in an extended See also:correspondence with the See also:British government strongly asserted the policy of an exclusive American See also:control of any isthmian See also:canal which might be built to connect the See also:Atlantic and Pacific oceans
.
With undiminished hold on the See also:imagination and devotion of his followers he was nominated for president in 1884
.
After a heated See also:canvass, in which he made a See also:series of brilliant speeches, he was beaten by a narrow margin in New See also:York
.
By many, including Blaine himself, the defeat was attributed to the effect of a phrase, " See also:Rum, Romanism and See also:Rebellion," used by a clergyman, Rev
.
See also:Samuel D
.
Burchard (1812–1891), on the 29th of See also:October 1884, in Blaine's presence, to characterize what, in his' See also:opinion, the Democratic party stood for
.
The phrase was not Blaine's, but his opponents made use of it to misrepresent his attitude toward the See also:Roman Catholics, large See also:numbers of whom are supposed, in consequence, to have withdrawn their support
.
Refusing to be a presidential See also:candidate in 1888, he became secretary of state under President See also:Harrison, and resumed his work which had been interrupted nearly eight years before
.
The Pan-American congress, then projected, now met in Washington, and Blaine, as its See also:master spirit, presided over and guided its deliberation through its session of five months
.
Its most important conclusions were for See also:reciprocity in See also:trade, a See also:continental railway and compulsory See also:arbitration in See also:international complications
.
Shaping the See also:tariff legislation for this policy, Blaine negotiated a large number of reciprocity See also:treaties which augmented the See also:commerce of his See also:country
.
He upheld American rights in See also:Samoa, pursued a vigorous See also:diplomacy with See also:Italy over the lynching of eleven Italians, all except three of them American naturalized citizens, in New See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans on the 14th of May 1891, held a See also:firm attitude during the strained relations between the United States and See also:Chile (growing largely out of the killing and wounding of American sailors of the U.S. See also:ship " See also:Baltimore " by Chileans in See also:Valparaiso on the 16th of October 1891), and carried on with Great Britain a resolute controversy over the See also:seal See also:fisheries of See also:Bering Sea,— a difference afterwards settled by arbitration
.
He resigned on the 4th of See also:June 1892, on the See also:eve of the See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting of the Republican national convention, wherein his name was ineffectually used, and he died at Washington, D.C., on the 27th of January 1893
.
During his later years of leisure he wrote Twenty Years of Congress (1884–1886), a brilliant See also:historical work in two volumes
.
Of singularly alert faculties, with a remarkable knowledge of the men and See also:history of his country, and an extraordinary memory, his masterful talent for politics and state-See also:craft, together with his captivating manner and engaging See also:personality, gave him, for nearly two decades, an unrivalled hold upon the fealty and See also:affection of his party
.
See the See also:Biography of James G
.
Blaine (See also:Norwich, See also:Conn., 1895) by See also:Mary See also:Abigail See also:Dodge (" See also:Gail See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton"), and, in the " American Statesmen Series," James G
.
Blaine (See also:Boston, 1905) by C
.
E
.
Stan-See also:wood; also Mrs Blaine's Letters (1908)
.
(C
.
E
.
End of Article: