See also:

• BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

BLANCHE OF See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

CASTILE (1188-1252)  , wife of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis VIII. of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, third daughter of See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso VIII., See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile, and of Eleanor of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, daughter of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II., was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• VALENCIA
• VALENCIA, or VALENTIA

Valencia . In consequence of a treaty between See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus and See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of England, she was betrothed to the former's son, Louis, and was brought to France, in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1200, by John's See also:

• MOTHER

mother Eleanor . On the 22nd of May 1200 the treaty was finally signed, John ceding with his niece the fiefs of See also:

• ISSOUDUN

Issoudun and Gracay, together with those that See also:

• ANDRE, JOHN (1751-178o)

Andre de Chavigny, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of See also:

• CHATEAUROUX
• CHATEAUROUX, MARIE ANNE DE

Chateauroux, held in See also:

• BERRY, CHARLES ALBERT (1852-1899)
• BERRY, CHARLES FERDINAND
• BERRY, JOHN, DUKE OF (1340-1416)
• BERRY, or BERRI

Berry, of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• CROWN

crown . The See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage was celebrated the next See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, at Portmort on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine, in John's domains, as those of Philip See also:

• LAY

lay under an See also:

• INTERDICT (Lat. interdictum, from interdicere, to forbid by decree, lit., interpose by speech)

interdict . See also:

• BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

Blanche first displayed her See also:

• GREAT

great qualities in 1216, when Louis,. who on the See also:

• DEATH

death of John claimed the English crown in her right, invaded England, only to find a See also:

• UNITED

united nation against him . Philip Augustus refused to help his son, and Blanche was his See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole support . The See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen established herself at See also:

• CALAIS

Calais and organized two fleets, one of which was commanded by Eustace the See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

Monk, and an See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army under See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert of See also:

• COURTENAY
• COURTENAY, RICHARD (d. 1415)
• COURTENAY, WILLIAM (c. 1342—1396)

Courtenay; but all her See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution and See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy were in vain . Although it would seem that her masterful See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper exercised a sensible See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence upon her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband's gentler See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, her role during his reign (1223–1226) is not well known . Upon his death he See also:

• LEFT

left Blanche See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent and See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian of his See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . Of her twelve or thirteen children, six had died, and Louis, the See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir—afterwards the sainted Louis IX., —was but twelve years old . The situation was See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical, for the hard-won domains of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• CAPET

Capet seemed likely to fall to pieces during a minority . Blanche had to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear the whole See also:

• BURDEN, or BURTHEN

burden of affairs alone, to break up a See also:

• LEAGUE

league of the barons (1226), and to repel the attack of the king of England (1230) .

But her energy and firmness overcame all dangers . There was an end to the calumnies circulated against her, based on the poetical See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage rendered her by See also:

• THEOBALD, (d. 1161)
• THEOBALD, LEWIS (1688-1744)

Theobald IV., See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• CHAMPAGNE

Champagne, and theprolonged stay in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris of the papal See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate, Romano See also:

• BONAVENTURA, SAINT (JOHN OF FIDANZA)

Bonaventura, See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal of Sant' Angelo . The nobles were awed by her warlike preparations or won over by adroit See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy, and their league was broken up . St Louis owed his See also:

• REALM

realm to his mother, but he himself always remained somewhat under the spell of her imperious See also:

• PERSONALITY (from Lat. persona, originally an actor's mask, from personare,1 to sound through)

personality . After he came of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age (1236) her influence upon him may still be traced . In 1248 she again became regent, during Louis IX.'s See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence on the crusade, a project which she had strongly opposed . In the disasters which followed she maintained See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, while draining the See also:

• LAND

land of men and See also:

• MONEY

money to aid her son in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . At last her strength failed her . She See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell See also:

• ILL

ill at See also:

• MELUN

Melun in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1252, and was taken to Paris, but lived only a few days . She was buried at Maubuisson . Besides the See also:

• WORKS

works'of See also:

• JOINVILLE
• JOINVILLE, FRANCOIS FERDINAND PHILIPPE LOUIS MARIE, PRINCE DE (1818-1900)
• JOINVILLE, JEAN, SIRE DE (1224-1319)

Joinville and See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of Nangis, see See also:

• ELIE

Elie Berger, " Histoire de Blanche de Castille, reine de France," in Bibliotheque See also:

• DES

des ecoles francaises d'Athenes et de See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, vol. lxx . (Paris, 1895) ; Le Nain de See also:

• TILLEMONT

Tillemont, " See also:

• VIE

Vie de See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint Louis," ed. by J. de Gaulle for the Societe de l'histoire de France (6 vols., 1847-1851); and Paulin Paris, " Nouvelles recherches sur See also:

• LES

les mceurs de la reine Blanche et de Thibaud," in See also:

• CABINET

Cabinet historique (1858) .