See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

BOARD (O. Eng. bord)  , a See also:

• PLANK

plank or See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long narrow piece of See also:

• TIMBER

timber . The word comes into various compounds to describe boards used for See also:

• SPECIAL

special purposes, or See also:

• OBJECTS

objects like boards (See also:

• DRAWING

drawing-See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board, ironing-board, See also:

• SOUNDING (for derivation see SOUND above)

sounding-board, See also:

• CHESS

chess-board, cardboard, back-board, See also:

• NOTICE

notice-board, scoring-board) . The phrase " to keep one's name on the boards," at See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge University, signifies to remain a member of a See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college; at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford it is " on the books." In See also:

• BOOKBINDING

bookbinding, pasteboard covers are called boards . Board was See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early used of a table, hence such phrases as " See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed and board," " board and lodging "; or of a gaming-table, as in the phrase " to sweep the board," meaning to See also:

• POCKET

pocket all the stakes, hence, figuratively, to carry all before one . The same meaning leads to " Board of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

Trade," " See also:

• LOCAL

Local See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government Board," &c . From the meaning of border or See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, and especially See also:

• SHIP

ship's side, comes " See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-board," meaning sea-See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast, and the phrases " aboard " (Fr. abord), " over-board," " by the board "; similarly " See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather-board," the side of a ship which is to See also:

• WIND
• WIND (a common Teut. word, cognate with Skt. vats, Lat. ventus, cf. " weather," to be of course distinguished from to " wind," to coil or twist, O.Eng. windan, cf. "wander," "wend," &c.)

wind-See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

ward; " larboard and starboard " (the former of uncertain origin, See also:

• MID

Mid . Eng. laddeboard or latheboard; the latter meaning " steering side," O . Eng. steorbord, the See also:

• RUDDER (O.E. Rather, i.e. rower)

rudder of early See also:

• SHIPS

ships working over the steering side), signifying (to one See also:

• STANDING

standing at the stern and looking forward) the See also:

• LEFT

left and right sides of the ship respectively . BOARDING-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

HOUSE, a private house in which the proprietor provides board and lodging for paying guests . The position of a See also:

• GUEST (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Gast, and Swed. gust; cognate with Lat. hostis, originally a stranger, hence enemy; cf. " host " )
• GUEST, EDWIN (1800–188o)

guest in a boarding-house differs in See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, to some extent, on the one See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand from that of a lodger in the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary sense of the See also:

• TERM

term, and on the other from that of a guest in an See also:

• INN

inn . Unlike the lodger, he frequently has not the exclusive occupation of particular rooms . Unlike the guest in an inn, his landlord has no See also:

• LIEN

lien upon his See also:

• PROPERTY

property for See also:

• RENT

rent or any other See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt due in respect of his board (See also:

• THOMPSON
• THOMPSON, FRANCIS (1860-1907)
• THOMPSON, LAUNT (1833-1894)
• THOMPSON, SIR HENRY, BART
• THOMPSON, SIR JOHN SPARROW (1844-1894)
• THOMPSON, THOMAS PERONNET (1783-1869)
• THOMPSON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH (18ro–1886)

Thompson v .

See also:

• LACY, FRANZ MORITZ, COUNT (1725-1801)
• LACY, HARRIETTE DEBORAH (1807-1874)
• LACY, MICHAEL ROPHINO (1795–1867)

Lacy, 1820,3 B. and Ald . 283) . The landlord is under an See also:

• OBLIGATION

obligation to take reasonable care for the safety of property brought by a guest into his house, and is liable for See also:

• DAMAGES (through O. Fr. damage, mod. Fr. dommage, from Lat. damnum, loss)

damages in See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of this obligation (See also:

• SCARBOROUGH

Scarborough v . Cosgrove, 1905, 2 K.B . 803) . Again, unlike the innkeeper, a boarding-house keeper does not hold himself out as ready to receive all travellers for whom he has See also:

• ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

accommodation, for which they are ready to pay, and of course he is entitled to get rid of any guest on giving reasonable notice (see Lamond v . See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard, 1897, I Q.B . 541, 548) . What is reasonable notice depends on the terms of the See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract; and, subject thereto, the course of See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of rent is a material circumstance (see LANDLORD AND See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

TENANT) . Apparently the same implied See also:

• WARRANTY

warranty of fitness for habitation at the commencement of the tenancy which exists in the case of furnished lodgings (see LODGER AND LODGINGS) exists also in the case of boarding-houses; and the guest in a boarding-house, like a lodger, is entitled to all the usual and necessary conveniences of a dwelling-house . The law of the See also:

• UNITED

United States is similar to English law . Under the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

Code See also:

• CIVIL

Civil, claims for subsistence furnished to a debtor and his See also:

• FAMILY

family during the last See also:

• YEAR

year of his See also:

• LIFE

life by boarding-house keepers (maitres de See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension) are privileged over the generality of moveables, the See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege being exerciseable after legal expenses, funeral expenses, the expenses of the last illness, and the See also:

• WAGES (the plural of " wage," from Late Lat. wadium, a pledge, O. Fr. wagier, gagier)

wages of servants for the year elapsed and what is due for the current year (See also:

• ART

art .

2101 (5)) . Keepers of taverns (aubergistes) and hotels (hoteliers) are responsible for the goods of their guests—the committal of which to their custody is regarded as a See also:

• DEPOSIT (Lat. depositurn, from deponere, to lay down, to put in the care of)

deposit of See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity (See also:

• DEPOT (from the Fr. depot, Lat. depositum, laid down; the French accent marks are usually dispensed with in English)

depot necessaire) . They are95 liable for the loss of such goods by See also:

• THEFT

theft, whether by servants or strangers, but not where the loss is due to force majeure (arts . 1952–1954) . Their liability for See also:

• MONEY

money and See also:

• BEARER

bearer securities not actually deposited is limited to See also:

• I000

I000 francs (law of 18th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1889) . These provisions are reproduced in substance in the Civil Codes of See also:

• QUEBEC

Quebec (arts . 1814, 1815, 1994, 2006) and of St See also:

• LUCIA (or LucY), ST

Lucia (art . 1889) . In Quebec, boarding-house keepers have a lien on the goods of their guests for the value or See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price of any See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food or accommodation furnished to them, and have also a right to sell their baggage and other property, if the amount remains unpaid for three months, under conditions similar to those imposed on innkeepers in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England (art . 1816 A; and see INNS AND INNKEEPERS); also in the Civil Code of St Lucia (arts . 1578, 1714, 1715) . (A .

W . R.) BOARDING-OUT See also:

• SYSTEM

SYSTEM, in the English poor law, the boarding-out of See also:

• ORPHAN

orphan or deserted See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children with suitable See also:

• FOSTER, GEORGE EULAS (1847– )
• FOSTER, JOHN (177o-1843)
• FOSTER, MYLES BIRKET (1825-1899)
• FOSTER, SIR CLEMENT LE NEVE (1841-1904)
• FOSTER, SIR MICHAEL (1836-r9o7)
• FOSTER, STEPHEN COLLINS (1826-1864)

foster-parents . The practice was first authorized in 1868, though for many years previously it had been carried out by some boards of guardians on their own initiative . Boarding-out is governed by two orders of the Local Government Board, issued in 1889 . The first permits guardians to board-out children within their own See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union, except in the See also:

• METROPOLIS (Gr. piir17Pi mother, srGXis, city)

metropolis . The second governs the boarding-out of children in localities outside the union . The sum payable to the foster-parents is not to exceed 4S. per See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week for each See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child . 'The system has been much discussed by authorities on the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the poor law . It has been objected that few working-men with an See also:

• AVERAGE

average-sized family can afford to devote such an amount for the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of each child, and that, therefore, boarded-out children are better off than the children of the See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent (See also:

• FAWCETT, HENRY (1833-1884)
• FAWCETT, JOHN (1768-1837)

Fawcett, See also:

• PAUPERISM (Lat. pauper, poor)

Pauperism) . Working-class guardians, also, do not favour the system, being suspicious as to the disinterestedness of the foster-parents . On the other hand, it is argued that from the economic and educational point of view much better results are obtained by boarding-out children; they are given a natural life, and when they grow up they are without effort merged in the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population (See also:

• MACKAY
• MACKAY, CHARLES (1814–1889)
• MACKAY, HUGH (c. 164o-169z)
• MACKAY, JOHN WILLIAM (1831–1902)

Mackay, Hist . Eng .

Poor Law) . See also POOR LAW . The " boarding-out " of lunatics is, in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, a See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• PART

part of the lunacy administration . It has also been successfully adopted in See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium .