PHILIPP See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

AUGUST See also:

• PHILIPP AUGUST BOCKH (1785-1867)

BOCKH (1785-1867)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German classical See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar and antiquarian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• KARLSRUHE, or CARLSRUHE

Karlsruhe on the 24th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1785 . He was sent to the gymnasium of his native See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, and remained there until he See also:

• LEFT

left for the university of See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle (1803), where he devoted himself to the study of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . F . A . See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

Wolf was then creating there an See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm for classical studies; See also:

• BOCKH, PHILIPP AUGUST (1785-1867)

Bockh See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell under the spell, passed from theology to See also:

• PHILOLOGY

philology, and became the greatest of all Wolf's scholars . In 1807 he established himself as privat-docent in the university of See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg and was shortly afterwards appointed a See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor extraordinarius, becoming professor two years later . In 1811 he removed to the new See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin University, having been appointed professor of eloquence and classical literature . He remained there till his See also:

• DEATH

death on the 3rd of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1867 . He was elected a member of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences of Berlin in 1814, and for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time acted as its secretary . Many of the speeches contained in his Kleine Schriften were delivered in this latter capacity . Bockh worked out the ideas of Wolf in regard to philology, and illustrated them by his practice . Discarding the old notion that philology consisted in a See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute acquaintance with words and the exercise of the See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical See also:

• ART

art, he regarded it as the entire knowledge of antiquity, See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical and philosophical .

He divides philology into five parts: first, an inquiry into public acts, with a knowledge of times and places, into See also:

• CIVIL

civil institutions, and also into See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law; second, an inquiry into private affairs; third, an See also:

• EXHIBITION

exhibition of the religions and arts of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient 'nations; See also:

• FOURTH

fourth, a See also:

• HISTORY

history of all their moral and See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical speculations and beliefs, and of their literatures; and fifth, a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete explanation of the See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language . These ideas in regard to philology Bockh set forth in a Latin oration delivered in 1822 (Gesammelte kleine Schriften, i.) . In his speech at the opening of the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of German philologists in 1850, he defined philology as the historical construction of the entire See also:

• LIFE

life—therefore, of all forms of culture and all the productions of a See also:

• PEOPLE

people in its See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical and spiritual tendencies . He allows that such a See also:

• WORK

work is too See also:

• GREAT

great for any one See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man; but the very infinity of subjects is the stimulus to the pursuit of truth, and See also:

• MEAL

meal strive because they have not attained (ib. ii.) . An See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Bockh's See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of philology will be found in See also:

• FREUND, WILHELM (1806—1894)

Freund's Wie studirt man Philologie ? From 18o6 till his death Bockh's See also:

• LITERARY

literary activity was unceasing . His See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• WORKS

works were the follo'wing: (r) An edition of See also:

• PINDAR (Gr. HivSapos, c. 522–443 B.c.)

Pindar, the first See also:

• VOLUME

volume of which (1811) contains the See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of the Epinician odes; a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise, De Metris Pindari, in three books; and Notae Criticae: the second (1819) contains the Scholia; and See also:

• PART

part ii. of volume ii . (1821) contains a Latin See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation, a commentary, the fragments and indices . It is still the most complete edition of Pindar that we have . But it was especially the treatise on the metres which placed Bockh in the first See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of scholars . This treatise forms an See also:

• EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

epoch in the treatment of the subject . In it the author threw aside all attempts to deter-mine the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek metres by See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere subjective See also:

• STANDARDS

standards, pointing out at the same time the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close connexion between the See also:

• MUSIC

music and the See also:

• POETRY

poetry of the Greeks .

He investigated minutely the nature of Greek music as far as it can be ascertained, as well as all the details regarding Greek musical See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments; and he explained the statements of the ancient Greek writers on See also:

• RHYTHM (Greek pvBµds, from bap, to flow)

rhythm . In this manner he laid the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation for a scientific treatment of Greek metres . (2) See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Staatshaushaltung der Athener, 1817 (and ed . 1851, with a supplementary volume Urkunden uber das Seewesen See also:

• DES

des attischen Staats; 3rd ed. by See also:

• FRANKEL, ZECHARIAS (1801-1875)

Frankel, 1886), translated into See also:

• ENGLISH

English by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Cornewall See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis (1828) under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of The Public See also:

• ECONOMY

Economy of See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens . In it he investigated a subject of See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar difficulty with profound learning . He amassed See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information from the whole range of Greek literature, carefully appraised the value of the information given, and shows throughout every portion of it rare critical ability and insight . A work of a similar See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind was his Metrologische Untersuchungen uber Gewichte, Munzfiisse, and Masse des Alterthums (1838) . (3) Bockh's third great work arose out of his second . In regard to the taxes and See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue of the Athenian See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state he derived a great See also:

• DEAL

deal of his most trustworthy information from See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions, many of which are given in his See also:

• BOOK

book . It was natural, therefore, that when the Berlin Academy of Sciences projected the See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of a Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum, Bockh should be chosen as the principal editor . This great work (1828–1877) is in four volumes, the third and fourth volumes being edited by J . See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

Franz, E .

See also:

• CURTIUS, ERNST (1814-1896)
• CURTIUS, MARCUS

Curtius, A . See also:

• KIRCHHOFF, GUSTAV ROBERT (1824-1887)
• KIRCHHOFF, JOHANN WILHELM ADOLF (1826-1908)

Kirchhoff and H . Rohl . Bockh's activity was continually digressing into widely different See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields . He gained for himself a foremost position amongst the investigators of ancient See also:

• CHRONOLOGY (Gr. xpovo?oyfa, computation of time, xp6vos)

chronology, and his name occupies a place by the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of those of See also:

• IDELER, CHRISTIAN LUDWIG (1766–1846)

Ideler and See also:

• MOMMSEN, THEODOR (1817–1903)

Mommsen . His principal works on this subject were : Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen (1855); Epigraphisch-chronologische Studien (1856); Uber die vierjahrigen Sonnenkreise der See also:

• ALLEN, BOG OF
• ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
• ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
• ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
• ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
• ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)

Allen (1863), and several papers which he published in the Transactions of the Berlin Academy . Bockh also occupied himself with See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy . One of his earliest papers was on the Platonic See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of the See also:

• WORLD

world, De Platonica corporis mundani fabrica (1809), followed by De Platonico Systemate Caelestium globorumet de See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

vera See also:

• INDOLE

Indole 4stronomiae Philolaice (181o), to which may be added See also:

• MANETHO (Mav40cov in an inscription of Carthage; MaveBees in a papyrus)

Manetho and die Hundsternperiode (1845) . In opposition to See also:

• OTTO

Otto Gruppe (1804–1876), he denied that See also:

• PLATO

Plato affirmed the diurnal rotation of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth (Untersuchungen uber das kosmische See also:

• SYSTEM

System des See also:

• PLATON, LEVSHIN (1737-1812)

Platon, 1852), and when in opposition to him See also:

• GROTE, GEORGE (1794–1871)

Grote published his opinions on the subject (Plato and the Rotation of the Earth) Bockh was ready with his reply . Another of his earlier papers, and one frequently referred to, was Commentatio Academica de simultate quae Plaloni cum Xenophonte intercessisse fertur (1811) . Other philosophical writings were Commentatio in Platonis qui vulgo fertur Minoem (18o6), and Philolaos' des Pythagoreers Lehren nebst den Bruchstiicken (1819), in which he endeavoured to show the genuineness of the fragments . Besides his edition of Pindar, Bockh published an edition of the See also:

• ANTIGONE, (I)

Antigone of See also:

• SOPHOCLES (495-406 B.c.)

Sophocles (1843) with a poetical translation and essays .

An See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early and important work on the Greek tragedians is his Graecae Tragoediae Principum . . . num See also:

• EA(nar...), (p.s„,.,.)
• EA(psr...), (p, „...)• (pqr...)

ea quae supersunt et genuina amnia sint et forma primitiva servata (18o8) . The smaller writings of Bockh began to be collected in his lifetime . Three of the volumes were published before his death, and four after (Gesammelte kleine Schriften, 1858-1874) . The first two consist of orations delivered in the university or academy of Berlin, or on public occasions . The third, fourth, fifth and See also:

• SIXTH

sixth contain his contributions to the Transactions of the Berlin Academy, and the seventh contains his critiques . Bockh's lectures, delivered from 1809-1865, were published by Bratuschek under the title of Encycloadie and Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften (2nd ed, lussmann, 1886) . His philological and scientific theories are set forth in See also:

• ELZE, KARL (1821–1889)

Elze, Uber Philologie als System (1845), and Reichhardt, Die Gliederung der Philologie entwickelt (1846) . His See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with Ottfried See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller appeared at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig in 1883 . See Sachse, Erinnerungen an August Bockh (1868); See also:

• STARK, JAMES (1794-1859)
• STARK, JOHN (1728-1822)

Stark, in the Verhandlungen der Wurzburger Philologensammlung (1868); Max See also:

• HOFFMANN, AUGUST HEINRICH (1798–1874)
• HOFFMANN, ERNST THEODOR WILHELM (1776-1822)
• HOFFMANN, JOHANN JOSEPH (1805-1878)

Hoffmann, August Bockh (1901); and S . Reiter, in Neue Jahrbiicher See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur das klassische Altertum (1902), p . 436 .