GIAMBATTISTA See also:

• GIAMBATTISTA BODONI (174o-1813)

BODONI (174o-1813)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian printer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1740 at See also:

• SALUZZO

Saluzzo in See also:

• PIEDMONT (Ital. Piemonte; Low Lat. Pedemons and Pedemontium)

Piedmont, where his See also:

• FATHER

father. owned a See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment . While yet a boy he began to engrave on See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood . He at length went to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and there became a compositor for the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press of the Propaganda . He made himself acquainted with the See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages, and thus was enabled to render essential service to the Propaganda press, by restoring and accurately distributing the types of several Oriental See also:

• ALPHA

alpha-bets which had fallen into disorder . The See also:

• INFANTE (Spanish and Portuguese form of Lat. infans, young child)

infante See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand, afterwards See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• PARMA

Parma, having established, about 176o, a printing-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house on the See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of those in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, See also:

• MADRID

Madrid and See also:

• TURIN

Turin, See also:

• BODONI, GIAMBATTISTA (174o-1813)

Bodoni was placed at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of this establishment, which he soon rendered the first of the See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . The beauty of his See also:

• TYPOGRAPHY (i.e. writing by types)

typography, &c., leaves nothing further to be desired; but the See also:

• INTRINSIC (through Fr. intrinsique, from Lat. intrinsecus, inwardly; inter, within, secus, following, from root of sequi, to follow)

intrinsic value of his See also:

• EDITIONS

editions is seldom equal to their outward splendour . His See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer, however, is a truly magnificent See also:

• WORK

work; and, indeed, his See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek letters are faultless imitations of the best Greek See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript . His editions of the Greek, Latin, Italian and See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CLASSICS

classics are all highly prized for their typographical elegance, and some of them are not less remarkable for their accuracy . Bodoni died at See also:

• PADUA (Lat. Patavium ; Ital. Padova)

Padua in 1813 . ,In 1818 a magnificent work appeared in two volumes See also:

• QUARTO

quarto, entitled Manuale Tipografico, containing specimens of the vast collection of types which had belonged to him . See De Lama, Vita del See also:

• CAVALIERE, EMILIO DEL

Cavaliere Giambattista Bodoni (1816) . See also:

• BODY

BODY-SNATCHING, the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret disinterring of dead bodies in churchyards in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to sell them for the purpose of See also:

• DISSECTION (from Lat. dissecare, to cut apart)

dissection .

Those who practised body-snatching were frequently called resurrectionists or resurrection-men . Previous to the passing of the See also:

• ANATOMY
• ANATOMY (Gr. avaroyil, from ava-silo c', to cut up)

Anatomy See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act 1832 (see ANATOMY: See also:

• HISTORY

History), no See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence was required in See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain for opening an anatomical school, and there was no See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision for supplying subjects to students for anatomical purposes . Therefore, though body-snatching was a See also:

• MISDEMEANOUR (from O. Fr. mes- and demener, to conduct oneself ill)

misdemeanour at See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, punishable with See also:

• FINE

fine and imprisonment, it was a sufficiently lucrative business to run the See also:

• RISK

risk of detection . Body-snatching became so prevalent that it was not unusual for the relatives and See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends of a deceased See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person to See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch the See also:

• GRAVE

grave for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time after See also:

• BURIAL

burial, lest it should be violated . See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron coffins, too, were frequently used for burial, or the See also:

• GRAVES, ALFRED PERCEVAL (1846— )

graves were protected by a framework of iron bars called mortsafes, well-preserved examples of which may still be seen in Greyfriars' See also:

• CHURCHYARD
• CHURCHYARD, THOMAS (c. 152o-16o4)

churchyard, See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh . For a detailed history of body-snatching, see The See also:

• DIARY

Diary of a Resurrectionist, edited by J . B . See also:

• BAILEY (said to be a corruption of Ballium by some, and derived by others from the Fr. baille, a corruption of bataille, because there the soldiers were drilled in battle array)
• BAILEY, NATHAN
• BAILEY, PHILIP JAMES (1816-1902)
• BAILEY, SAMUEL (1791-1870)

Bailey (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1896), which also contains a full bibliography and the regulations in force in See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign countries for the See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of bodies for anatomical purposes .