See also:

• BOGOTA, or SANTA FE DE BOGOTA

BOGOTA, or See also:

• SANTA

SANTA FE DE BOGOTA  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic of See also:

• COLOMBIA

Colombia, and of the interior See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Curl dinamarca, in 4° 6' N. See also:

• LAT

lat. and 78° 3o' W. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long . Pop. about 125,000 . The See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city is on the eastern margin of a large elevated See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau 8563 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level . The plateau may be described as a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Bank, Dan. baenk and the Eng. doublet " bank ")

bench or shelf on the western slope of the See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental Cordilleras, about 7o m. long and 30 M. wide, with a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low rim on its western margin and backed by a high See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . The See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain forming the plateau is well watered with numerous small lakes and streams . ' These several small streams, one of which, the See also:

• SAN

San Francisco, passes through the city, unite near the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western extremity of the plateau and See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the Rio Funza, or See also:

• BOGOTA, or SANTA FE DE BOGOTA

Bogota, which finally plunges over the edge at Tequendama in a beautiful, perpendicular fall of about 475 ft . The city is built upon a sloping plain at the See also:

• BASE

base of two high mountains La Gaudalupe and Monserrate, upon whose crests stand two imposing churches . From a broad See also:

• AVENUE (the past participle feminine of Fr. avenir, to come to)

avenue on the upper See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side downward to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west slope the streets, through which run streams of cool, fresh See also:

• WATER

water from the mountains above . The See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and south streets See also:

• CROSS

cross these at right angles, and the blocks thus formed are like great terraces . A number of handsomely-laid-out plazas, or squares, ornamented with gardens and statuary, have been preserved; on these See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal public buildings and churches . In Plaza See also:

• BOLIVAR
• BOLIVAR, SIMON (1783-1830)

Bolivar is a statue of Bolivar by Pietro Tenerani (1789-1869), a See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of See also:

• CANOVA, ANTONIO (1757-1822)

Canova, and in Plaza See also:

• SANTANDER
• SANTANDER (ancient Portus Blendium or Fanum S. Andreae)

Santander is one of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General Francisco de Paula Santander (1792-1840) . Facing on Plaza de la Constitucibn are the capitol and See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral .

The streets are narrow and straight, but as a See also:

• RULE

rule they are clean and well paved . Owing to the prevalence of earthquakes, private houses azm usually of one See also:

• STOREY (equivalents are Fr. etage, Ital. piano, Ger. Stock)

storey only, and are built of See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun-dried bricks, See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white-washed . But few of the public buildings are imposing in See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance, though See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste in See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style and decoration are often shown . The city occupies an See also:

• AREA

area of about 22X12 m . It has See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street cars, electric See also:

• LIGHT

light and telephones . See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short lines of railway connect it with Facatativa (24 m.) on the road to Honda, and with Zipaquira, where extensive See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt mines are worked . A See also:

• LINE

line of railway was also under construction in 1906 to Jirardot, at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation on the upper Magdalena . Bogota is an archiepiscopal see, founded in 1561, and is one of the strongholds of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval clericalism in South See also:

• AMERICA

America . It has a cathedral, rebuilt in 1814, and some 30 other churches, together with many old conventual buildings now used for See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular purposes, their religious communities having been dissolved by Mosquera and their revenues devoted in great measure to See also:

• EDUCATION

education . The capitol, which is occupied by the executive and legislative departments, is an elegant and spacious See also:

• BUILDING

building, erected since 1875 . The See also:

• INTEREST

interest which Bogota has always taken in education, and because of which she has been called the " See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens of South America," is shown in the number and See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of her institutions of learning—a university, three endowed colleges, a school of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry and See also:

• MINERALOGY

mineralogy, a See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy, a military school, a public library with some 50,000 volumes, a national See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory, a natural See also:

• HISTORY

history museum and a botanic See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden . The city also possesses a well-equipped See also:

• MINT
• MINT (Lat. moneta; Mid. Eng. mynt)

mint, little used in See also:

• RECENT

recent years .

The plain surrounding the city is very fertile, and pastures See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle and produces cereals, vegetables and See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit in abundance . It was the centre of Chibcha See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization before the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest and sustained a large See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is mild and temperate, the See also:

• AVERAGE

average See also:

• ANNUAL

annual temperature being about 58° and the rainfall about 432 in . The See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical location of the city is unfavourable to any great development in See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce and manufactures beyond See also:

• LOCAL

local needs . Bogota was founded in 1538 by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada and was named See also:

• SANTA

Santa Fe de Bogota after his birthplace Santa Fe, and after the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern capital of the Chibchas, Bacata (or Funza) . It was made the capital of the viceroyalty of Nueva See also:

• GRANADA
• GRANADA, LUIS DE (1504-1588)

Granada, and soon became one of the centres of Spanish colonial See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and civilization on the South See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent . In 1811 its citizens revolted against Spanish rule and set up a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of their own, but in 1816 the city was occupied by Pablo Morillo (1777-1838), the Spanish general, who subjected it to a ruthless military government until 181g, when Bolivar's victory at See also:

• BOYACA

Boyaca compelled its evacuation . On the creation of the republic of Colombia, Bogota became its capital, and when that republic was dissolved into its three constituent parts it remained the capital of Nueva Granada . It has been the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of many important events in the chequered history of Colombia . (A . J .