BOHUN  , the name of a See also:

• FAMILY

family which plays an important See also:

• PART

part in See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• HISTORY

history during the'3th and 14th centuries; it was taken from a See also:

• VILLAGE

village situated in the Cotentin between See also:

• COUTANCES
• COUTANCES, WALTER OF (d. 1207)

Coutances and the See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary of the See also:

• VIRE

Vire . The Bohuns came into See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England at, or shortly after, the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest; but their See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early history there is obscure . The founder of their greatness was See also:

• HUMPHREY (or HUMFREY), LAWRENCE (1527?-1590)

Humphrey IV., he was succeeded in the family estates by his See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry . Henry was connected with the royal See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland through his See also:

• MOTHER

mother See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret, a See also:

• SISTER

sister of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William the See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion; an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance which no doubt assisted him to obtain the earldom of See also:

• HEREFORD

Hereford from See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John (1199) . The lands of the family See also:

• LAY

lay chiefly on the Welsh See also:

• MARCHES, THE (It. Le Marche)

Marches, and from this date the Bohuns take a foremost See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place among the Marcher barons . Henry de Bohun figures with the earls of See also:

• CLARE
• CLARE, JOHN (1793-1864)
• CLARE, JOHN FITZGIBBON, 1ST EARL OF (1749-1802)

Clare and See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester among the twenty-five barons who were elected by their See also:

• FELLOWS, SIR CHARLES (1799-1860)

fellows to enforce the terms of the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

Charter . In the subsequent See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war he fought on the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis, and was captured at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln (1217) . He took the See also:

• CROSS

cross in the same See also:

• YEAR

year and died on his See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage (See also:

• JUNE

June 1, 1220) . Humphrey V., his son and See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir, returned to the path of See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty, and was permitted, some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time before 1239, to inherit the earldom of See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex from his maternal See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, William de See also:

• MANDEVILLE, BERNARD DE (1670-1733)
• MANDEVILLE, GEOFFREY DE (d. 1144)

Mandeville . But in 1258 this Humphrey See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell away, like his See also:

• FATHER

father, from the royal to the baronial cause . He served as a nominee of the opposition on the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of twenty-four which was appointed, in the See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of that year, to reform the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . It was only the alliance of See also:

• MONTFORT
• MONTFORT, SIMON DE, EARL OF LEICESTER (d. 1265)

Montfort with See also:

• LLEWELYN

Llewelyn of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales that brought the See also:

• EARL

earl of Hereford back to his See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance .

Humphrey V. headed the first See also:

• SECESSION

secession of the Welsh Marchers from the party of the opposition (1263), and was amongst the captives whom the Montfortians took at See also:

• LEWES
• LEWES, CHARLES LEE (1740–1803)

Lewes . The earl's son and name-See also:

• SAKE

sake was on the victorious side, and shared in the defeat of See also:

• EVESHAM

Evesham, which he did not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long survive . Humphrey V. was, therefore, naturally selected as one of the twelve arbitrators to draw up the See also:

• BAN

ban of See also:

• KENILWORTH

Kenilworth (1266), by which the disinherited rebels were allowed to make their See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace . Dying in 1275, he was succeeded by his grandson Humphrey VII . This Bohun lives in history as one of the recalcitrant barons of the year 1297, who extorted from See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. the Confirmatio Cartarum . The motives of the earl's See also:

• DEFIANCE

defiance were not altogether disinterested . He had suffered twice from the chicanery of Edward's lawyers; in 1284 when a dispute between himself and the royal favourite, John See also:

• GIFFARD, GODFREY (c. 1235—1302)
• GIFFARD, WALTER (d. 1279)
• GIFFARD, WILLIAM (d. 1129)

Giffard, was decided in the latter's favour; and again in 1292 when he was punished with temporary imprisonment and See also:

• SEQUESTRATION

sequestration for a technical, and apparently unwitting, contempt of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . In See also:

• COMPANY

company, therefore, with the earl of See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk he refused to render See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign service in See also:

• GASCONY (Wasconia)

Gascony, on the plea that they were only See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound to serve with the king, who was himself bound for See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders . Their attitude brought to a See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general discontent which Edward had excited by his arbitrary See also:

• TAXATION
• TAXATION (from " tax," derived, through the French, from Lat. taxare, to appraise, which again is connected with the same root as tangere, to touch)

taxation; and Edward was obliged to make a surrender on all the subjects of complaint . At See also:

• FALKIRK

Falkirk (1298) Humphrey VII. redeemed his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character for loyalty . His son, Humphrey VIII., who succeeded him in the same year, was allowed to marry one of the king's daughters, Eleanor, the widowed countess of See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland (1302) . This See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close connexion with the royal house did not prevent him, as it did not prevent Earl See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster, from joining the opposition to the feeble Edward II .

In 1310 Humphrey VIII. figured among the Lords Ordainers; though, with more patriotism than some of his See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-commissioners, he afterwards followed the king to See also:

• BANNOCKBURN

Bannockburn . He was taken See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive in the battle, but exchanged for the wife of See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• BRUCE
• BRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN (1831-1899)
• BRUCE, JAMES (1930-1794)
• BRUCE, MICHAEL (1746-1767)

Bruce . Subsequently he returned to the cause of his See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, and fell on the side of Earl Thomas at the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of See also:

• BOROUGHBRIDGE

Boroughbridge (1322) . With him, as with his father, the politics of the Marches had been the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration; his final See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of side was due to See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of the younger See also:

• DESPENSER, HUGH LE (1262-1326)
• DESPENSER, HUGH LE (d. 1265)

Despenser, whose lordship of Glamorgan was too great for the comfort of the Bohuns in See also:

• BRECON, or BRECKNOCK

Brecon . With the See also:

• DEATH

death of Humphrey VIII. the fortunes of the family enter on a more peaceful See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage . Earl John (d . 1335) was inconspicuous; Humphrey IX . (d . 1361) merely distinguished himself as a See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain in the See also:

• BRETON, BRITTON
• BRETON, JULES ADOLPHE

Breton See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Years' War, winning the victories of See also:

• MORLAIX

Morlaix (1342) and La See also:

• ROCHE, SIR BOYLE, BART

Roche Derrien (1347) . His See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew and heir, Humphrey X., who inherited the earldom of See also:

• NORTHAMPTON
• NORTHAMPTON, ASSIZE OF
• NORTHAMPTON, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Northampton from his father, was territorially the most important representative of the Bohuns . But the male See also:

• LINE

line was extinguished by his death (1373) . The three earldoms and the broad lands of the Bohuns were divided between two co-heiresses .

Both married members of the royal house . The See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder, Eleanor, was given in 1374 to Thomas of See also:

• WOODSTOCK

Woodstock, seventh son of Edward III.; the younger, See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary, to Henry, earl of See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby, son of John of Gaunt and afterwards Henry IV., in 1380 or 1381 . From these two marriages sprang the houses of Lancaster and See also:

• STAFFORD
• STAFFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Stafford . See J . E . See also:

• DOYLE, JOHN ANDREW (1844-1907)
• DOYLE, RICHARD (1824-1883)
• DOYLE, SIR ARTHUR CONAN (1859- )
• DOYLE, SIR FRANCIS HASTINGS CHARLES

Doyle's See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

Official Baronage of England (1886), the See also:

• COMPLETE

Complete See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

Peerage of G . E . C(okayne), (1887—1898) ; T . F . Tout's " Wales and the See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March during the Barons' War, in See also:

• OWENS, JOHN (1790-1846)

Owens See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Essays, pp . 87-136 (1902); J . E .

See also:

• MORRIS
• MORRIS [MORRISON], CLARA (1849– )
• MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR (1752–1816)
• MORRIS, JOHN (1810-1886)
• MORRIS, RICHARD (1833–1894)
• MORRIS, ROBERT (1734–1806)
• MORRIS, SIR LEWIS (1833–1907)
• MORRIS, WILLIAM (1834-1896)

Morris' Welsh See also:

• WARS

Wars of King Edward I., chs. vi., viii . (1901) . (H . W . C .