See also:

• BOKHARA (Bokhara-i-Sherif)
• BOKHARA, or BUKHARA (the common central Asian pronunciation is Bukhara)

BOKHARA (Bokhara-i-Sherif)  , See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• BOKHARA (Bokhara-i-Sherif)
• BOKHARA, or BUKHARA (the common central Asian pronunciation is Bukhara)

Bokhara, on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Zarafshan, and on the See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal of Shahri-rud, situated in a fertile See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain . It is 8 m. from the Bokhara station of the Transcaspian railway, 162 m. by See also:

• RAIL

rail W. of See also:

• SAMARKAND

Samarkand, in 390 47' N. See also:

• LAT

lat. and 64° 27' E. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long . The See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city is surrounded by a See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall 28 ft. high and 8 m. long, with semicircular towers and eleven See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates of little value as a See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence . The See also:

• PRESENT

present city was begun in A.U . 830 on the site of an older city, was destroyed by Jenghiz See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

Khan in 1220, and rebuilt subsequently . The See also:

• WATER

water-See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply is very unhealthy . The city has no less than 36o mosques . Nearly ro,000 pupils are said to receive their See also:

• EDUCATION

education in its 140 madrasas or theological colleges; See also:

• PRIMARY

primary See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools are kept at most mosques . Some of these buildings exhibit very, See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture . The most notable of the mosques is the Mir-Arab, built in the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, with its beautiful lecture halls; the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• MOSQUE (through Fr. mosquie; Span. mezquila, from Arab. masjid, sajada, to adore)

mosque of the emir is the Mejid-See also:

• KALYAN

kalyan, or Kok-humbez, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close by which stands a See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick See also:

• MINARET (from the Arabic mandrat ; manar or miner is Arabic for a lighthouse, a tower on which liar, fire, is lit)

minaret, 203 ft. high, from the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top of which state criminals used to be thrown until 1871 . Of the numerous squares the Raghistan is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal . It has on one See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side the citadel, erected on an artificially made See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence 45 ft. high, surrounded by a wall r m. long, and containing the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of the emir, the houses of the chief functionaries, the See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison and the water-cisterns .

The houses are mostly one-storeyed, built of unburned bricks, and have See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

• ROOFS

roofs . Bokhara has for ages been a centre of learning and religious See also:

• LIFE

life . The See also:

• MYSTICISM (from Or. µuety, to shut the eyes; µuorrts, one initiated into the mysteries)

mysticism which took hold on See also:

• PERSIA

Persia in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages spread;also to Bokhara, and later, when the Mongol invasions of the 13th century laid See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste Samarkand and other Moslem cities, Bokhara, remaining See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent, continued to be a chief seat of Islamitic learning . The madrasa See also:

• LIBRARIES

libraries, some of which were very See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich, have been scattered and lost, or confiscated by the emirs, or have perished in conflagrations . But there are still treasures of literature concealed in private libraries, and Afghan, See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian, Armenian and See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish bibliophiles still repair to Bokhara to buy rare books . Bokhara is, in fact, the principal See also:

• BOOK

book-See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market of central See also:

• ASIA

Asia . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population is supposed by See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian travellers not to exceed 50,000 or 60,000, but is otherwise estimated at 75,000 to 100,000 . Amongst them is a large and See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews . Bokhara is the most important trading See also:

• TOWN

town in central Asia . In the city bazaars are made or sold See also:

• SILK

silk stuffs, See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal (especially See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper) wares, Kara-kul (i.e. See also:

• ASTRAKHAN

astrakhan) See also:

• LAMB (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Lamm)
• LAMB, CHARLES (1775–1834)

lamb-skins and carpets . New Bokhara, or Kagan, a Russian town near the railway station, 8 m. from Bokhara itself, is rapidly growing, on a territory ceded by the emir . Pop .

2000 . (P . A .