BOLESLAUS II  ., called " The Bold," See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland (1039-1o81), eldest son of Casimir I., succeeded his See also:

• FATHER

father in 1058 . The domestic See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order and tranquillity of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom had been restored by his painstaking father, but Poland had shrunk territorially since the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of his grandfather Boleslaus I., and it was the aim of Boleslaus II. to restore her dignity and importance . The nearest enemy was Bohemia, to whom Poland had lately been compelled to pay See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute for her See also:

• OLDEST

oldest See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession, See also:

• SILESIA

Silesia . But Boleslaus's first Bohemian See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war proved unsuccessful, and was terminated by the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of his See also:

• SISTER

sister Swatawa with the See also:

• CZECH (in Bohemian, Cech)

Czech king Wratyslaus II . On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand Boleslaus's ally, the fugitive Magyar See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince See also:

• BELA
• BELA, LAS BELA

Bela, succeeded with See also:

• POLISH

Polish assistance in winning the See also:

• CROWN

crown of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary . In the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Boleslaus was more successful . In Io69 he succeeded in placing Izaslaus on the See also:

• THRONE

throne of See also:

• KIEV
• KIEV, KIEFF, or KIYEFF

Kiev, thereby confirming Poland's overlordship over See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia and enabling Boleslaus to chastise his other enemies, Bohemia among them, with the co-operation of his See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian auxiliaries . But Wratyslaus of Bohemia speedily appealed to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor for help, and a war between Poland and the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire was only prevented by the sudden rupture of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. with the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See and the momentous events which led to the humiliating surrender of the emperor at See also:

• CANOSSA

Canossa . There is nothing to show that BoIeslaus took any See also:

• PART

part in this struggle, though at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he was on the best of terms with See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory VII. and there was some talk of sending papal legates to restore order in the Polish See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . On the 26th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December Io76 Boleslaus encircled his own brows with the royal diadem, a striking See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof that the Polish See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings did not even yet consider their See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title quite secure . A second successful expedition to Kiev to reinstate his protege Izaslaus, is Boleslaus's last recorded exploit . Almost immediately afterwards (1079) we find him an See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile in Hungary, where he died about Io8r .

The cause of this sudden See also:

• ECLIPSE (Gr. €uheo,tis, falling out of place, failing)

eclipse was the cruel vengeance he took on the milites, or See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble order, who, emulating the example of their brethren in Bohemia, were already attempting to curb the royal See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . The churchmen headed by See also:

• STANISLAUS

Stanislaus Szczepanowski, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• CRACOW (Pol. Krakov; Ger. Krakau)

Cracow, took the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the nobles, whose grievances seem to have been real . Boleslaus in his fury slew the saintly bishop, but so See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general was the popular indignation that he had to See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly his kingdom . See M . Maksymilian Gumplowicz, Zur Geschichle Polens See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Mittelalter (See also:

• INNSBRUCK

Innsbruck, 1898): W . P . Augerstein, Der Konflikt See also:

• DES

des polnischen Konigs Boleslaw H. mit See also:

• DENS, PETER (1690-1775)

dens Bischof Stanislaus (See also:

• THORN (O. Eng. porn, cf. Du. doorn, Ger. Dorn, &c)
• THORN (Polish Torun)

Thorn, 1895) .