BOLESLAUS III  ., See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland (1086-1139), the son of See also:

• WLADISLAUS (WLADISLAW)

Wladislaus I. and See also:

• JUDITH, THE BOOK OF

Judith of Bohemia, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 23rd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December Io86 and succeeded his See also:

• FATHER

father in 1102 . His earlier years were troubled continually by the intrigues of his natural See also:

• HALF

half-See also:

• BROTHER

brother Zbigniew, who till he was imprisoned and blinded involved Boleslaus in frequent contests with Bohemia and the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry V . The first of the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• WARS

wars began in 1109, when Henry, materially assisted by the Bohemians, invaded See also:

• SILESIA

Silesia . It was mainly a See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of sieges, Henry sitting down before Lubusz, See also:

• GLOGAU

Glogau and See also:

• BRESLAU (Polish Wraclaw)

Breslau, all of which he failed to take . The Poles avoided an encounter in the open See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, but harried the Germans so successfully around Breslau that the, See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain was covered 159 with corpses, which Henry had to leave to the See also:

• DOGS, ISLE OF

dogs on his disastrous See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat; hence the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of the See also:

• ACTION

action was known as " the field of dogs." The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• POLITICAL

political result of this disaster was the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence of Poland for the next See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . It was during this See also:

• RESPITE (O. Fr. respit, modern repit, Lat. respectus, regard, consideration, respicere, to look back at)

respite that Boleslaus devoted himself to the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main business of his See also:

• LIFE

life—the subjugation of See also:

• POMERANIA (German, Pommern)

Pomerania (i.e. the maritime See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province) with the view of gaining See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access to the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . Pomerania, protected on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south by virgin forests and almost impenetrable morasses, was in those days inhabited by a valiant and See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage See also:

• SLAVONIC, OLD

Slavonic See also:

• RACE

race akin to the See also:

• WENDS

Wends, who clung to paganism with unconquerable obstinacy . The See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of a seaboard enabled them to maintain fleets and build relatively large towns such as See also:

• STETTIN

Stettin and See also:

• KOLBERG (or COLBERG)

Kolberg, whilst they ravaged at will the territories of their See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern neighbours the Poles . In self-See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence Boleslaus was obliged to subdue them . The struggle began in Iro9, when Boleslaus inflicted a terrible defeat on the Pomeranians at Nackel which compelled their temporary submission . In 1120–1124 the See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion of his See also:

• VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Warceslaus of Stettin again brought Boleslaus into the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, but the resistance was as stout as ever, and only after 18,000 of his followers had fallen and 8000 more had been expatriated did Warceslaus submit to his conqueror . The obstinacy of the resistance convinced Boleslaus that Pomerania must be christianized before it could be completely subdued; and this important See also:

• WORK

work was partially accomplished by St See also:

• OTTO

Otto, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• BAMBERG

Bamberg, an old friend of Boleslaus's father, who knew the Slavonic See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages .

In 1124 the southern portions of the See also:

• LAND

land were converted by St Otto, but it was only under the See also:

• THREAT

threat of extermination if they persisted in their evil ways that the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of Stettin accepted the faith in the following See also:

• YEAR

year . In 1128, at the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• USEDOM

Usedom, St Otto appointed his See also:

• DISCIPLE

disciple See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface bishop of Julin, the first Pomeranian See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese,nand the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of a better See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of things was laid . In his later years Boleslaus waged an unsuccessful war with See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary and Bohemia, and was forced to claim the See also:

• MEDIATION (Lat. medius, middle)

mediation of the emperor See also:

• LOTHAIR (825-869)
• LOTHAIR (941–986)

Lothair, to whom he did See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage for Pomerania and See also:

• RUGEN

Rugen at the See also:

• DIET

diet of See also:

• MERSEBURG

Merseburg in 1135 . He died in 1139 . See See also:

• GALLUS, C
• GALLUS, CORNELIUS (c. 70-26 B.C.)
• GALLUS, GAIUS AELIUS
• GALLUS, GAIUS CESTIUS
• GALLUS, GAIUS SULPICIUS

Gallus, Chronicon, ed . Finkai (See also:

• CRACOW (Pol. Krakov; Ger. Krakau)

Cracow, 1899) ; Maksymilian Gumplowicz, Zur Geschichle .Polens See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Mittelalter (See also:

• INNSBRUCK

Innsbruck, 1898) .