See also:

• BOLEYN (or BULLEN), ANNE (c. 1507–1536)

BOLEYN (or BULLEN), See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

ANNE (c. 1507–1536)  , See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, daughter of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• BOLEYN (or BULLEN), ANNE (c. 1507–1536)

Boleyn, afterwards See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• WILTSHIRE [WILTS]

Wiltshire and See also:

• ORMONDE, EARL AND MARQUESS OF
• ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 1ST DUKE
• ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 2ND DUKE OF (1665-1745)

Ormonde, and of See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas See also:

• HOWARD (FAMILY)
• HOWARD, CATHERINE (d. 1542)
• HOWARD, JOHN (1726-1790)
• HOWARD, LORD WILLIAM (1563–1640)
• HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS (1830-19o9)
• HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626–1698)

Howard, earl of See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey, afterwards See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born, according to See also:

• CAMDEN
• CAMDEN, CHARLES PRATT, 1ST EARL (1714-1794)
• CAMDEN, JOHN JEFFREYS PRATT, 2ND EARL
• CAMDEN, WILLIAM (1551-1623)

Camden, in 1507, but her See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth has been ascribed, though not conclusively, to an earlier date (to 1502 or 1501) by some later writers.' In 1514 she accompanied See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary Tudor to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France on the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of the princess to See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XII., remained there after the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• DEATH

death, and became one of the See also:

• WOMEN

women in waiting to Queen See also:

• CLAUDE, JEAN (1619-1687)

Claude, wife of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I . She returned in 1521 or 1522 t0 England, where she had many admirers and suitors . Among the former was the poet Sir Thomas See also:

• WYATT, JAMES (1746–1813)

Wyatt,2 and among the latter, Henry See also:

• PERCY (FAMILY)
• PERCY, SIR HENRY
• PERCY, THOMAS (1729-1811)
• PERCY, THOMAS (c. 156o-16os)

Percy, See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir of the earl of See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland, a marriage with whom, however, was stopped by the king and another match provided for her in the ' See See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne Boleyn, by P . Friedman; The See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early See also:

• LIFE

Life of Anne Boleyn, by J . H . See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round; and J . See also:

• GAIRDNER, JAMES (1828– )

Gairdner in Eng . Hist . See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, viii . 53, 299, and x . 104 . 2 According to the See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle of King Henry VIII., tr. by M .

A . S . See also:

• HUME, ALEXANDER (c. 1557-1609)
• HUME, DAVID (1711-1776)
• HUME, JOSEPH (1777-1855)

Hume, p . 68, she was his See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress . See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of Sir See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

Butler . Anne Boleyn, however, remained unmarried, and a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of grants and favours bestowed by Henry on her See also:

• FATHER

father between 1522 and 1525 have been taken, though very doubtfully, as a symptom of the king's affections . Unlike her See also:

• SISTER

sister Mary, who had fallen a victim to Henry's solicitations,' Anne had no intention of being the king's mistress; she meant to be his queen, and her conduct seems to have been governed entirely by motives of ambition . The exact See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of the be-ginning ofAnne's relations with Henry is not known . They have been surmised as originating as early as 1523; but there is nothing to prove that Henry's See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion was anterior to the proceedings taken for the See also:

• DIVORCE

divorce in May 1527, the celebrated love letters being undated . Her name is first openly connected with the king's as a possible wife in the event of See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine's divorce, in a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of See also:

• MENDOZA
• MENDOZA, ANTONIO HURTADO DE (1593?-1644)
• MENDOZA, DIEGO HURTADO DE (1503-1575)
• MENDOZA, PEDRO GONZALEZ DE (1428-1495)

Mendoza, the imperial See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador, to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V. of the 16th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1527,2 during the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence in France of See also:

• WOLSEY, THOMAS (c. 1475–1530)

Wolsey, who, not blinded by passion like Henry, naturally opposed the undesirable See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance, and was negotiating a marriage with Renee, daughter of Louis XII . Henry meanwhile, however, had sent See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

Knight, his secretary, on a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome to obtain facilities for his marriage with Anne; and on the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal's return in August he found her installed as the king's See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion and proposed successor to Catherine of See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon . After the king's final separation from his wife in See also:

• JULY

July 1.531, Anne's position was still more marked, and in 1532 she accompanied Henry on the visit to Francis I., while Catherine was See also:

• LEFT

left at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home neglected and practically a prisoner .

Soon after their return Anne was found to be pregnant, and in consequence Henry married her about the 25th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 15333 (the exact date is unknown), their See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union not being made public till the following See also:

• EASTER

Easter . Subsequently, on the 23rd of May, their marriage was declared valid and that with Catherine null, and in See also:

• JUNE

June Anne was crowned with See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state in See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . Anne Boleyn had now reached the See also:

• ZENITH (from the Arabic)

zenith of her hopes . A weak, giddy woman of no stability of See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, her success turned her See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head and caused her to behave with insolence and impropriety, in strong contrast with Catherine's quiet dignity under her misfortunes . She, and not the king, probably was the author of the See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty persecutions inflicted upon Catherine and upon the princess Mary, and her See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of the latter showed itself in spiteful malice . Mary was to be forced into the position of a humble attendant upon Anne's See also:

• INFANT (in early forms enfaunt, enfant, through the Fr. enfant, from Lat. infans, in, not, and fans, the present participle of fari, to speak)

infant, and her ears were to be boxed if she proved recalcitrant . She urged that both should be brought to trial under the new See also:

• STATUTE

statute of See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession passed in 1534, which declared her own See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children the lawful heirs to the See also:

• THRONE

throne . She was reported as saying that when the king gave opportunity by leaving England, she would put Mary to death even if she were burnt or flayed alive for it.' She incurred the remonstrances of the privy See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council and alienated her own See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends and relations . Her See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, the duke of Norfolk, whom she was reported to have treated " worse than a See also:

• DOG

dog," reviled her, calling her a "grande putaine." But her See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph was destined to be even shorter than that of her predecessor . There were soon signs that Henry's See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection, which had before been a genuine passion, had cooled or ceased . He resented her arrogance, and a few months after the marriage he gave her cause for jealousy, and disputes arose . A See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange and mysterious See also:

• FATE

fate had prepared for Anne the same domestic griefs that had vexed and ruined Catherine and caused her See also:

• ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")

abandonment .

In See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1533 the birth of a daughter, afterwards Queen Elizabeth, instead of the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-hoped-for son, was a heavy disappointment; next See also:

• YEAR

year Of this there is no See also:

• DIRECT

direct See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof, but the statement rests upon contemporary belief and chiefly upon the extraordinary terms of the See also:

• DISPENSATION

dispensation granted to Henry to marry Anne Boleyn, which included the suspension of all canons See also:

• RELATING

relating to impediments created by " See also:

• AFFINITY (Lat. affinitas, relationship by marriage, from offinis, bordering on, related to; finis, border, boundary)
• AFFINITY, CHEMICAL

affinity rising ex illicito coitu in any degree even in the first." See also:

• FRONDE, THE

Fronde rejects the whole See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story, Divorce of Catherine of Aragon, p . 54 and see Friedman's Anne Boleyn, ii . 323 . 2 Cal. of St . Pap . England and See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, iii. pt. ii. p . 327 . 3 According to See also:

• CRANMER, THOMAS (1489-1556)

Cranmer, Letters and Papers of Henry VIII. vi. p . 300, the only authority; and Cranmer himself only knew of it a fortnight after . The marriage was commonly antedated to the 14th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1532 . 4 Cal. of St . Pap .

England and Spain, v . 198.there was a See also:

• MISCARRIAGE

miscarriage, and on the 29th of January 1536, the day of Catherine's funeral, she gave birth to a dead male See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child . On the 1st of May following the king suddenly See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke up a See also:

• TOURNAMENT, or TOURNEY (Fr. tournement, tournoi, Med. Lat. torneamentum, from tourner, to turn)

tournament at See also:

• GREENWICH

Greenwich, leaving the See also:

• COMPANY

company in bewilderment and consternation . The cause was soon known . Inquiries had been made on reports of the queen's See also:

• ILL

ill-conduct, and several of her reputed lovers had been arrested . On the 2nd Anne her-self was committed to the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower on a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of See also:

• ADULTERY (from Lat. adulterium)

adultery with various persons, including her own See also:

• BROTHER

brother, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• ROCHFORD
• ROCHFORD, EARL OF

Rochford . On the 12th Sir Francis See also:

• WESTON, THOMAS (1737-1776)

Weston, Henry See also:

• NORRIS
• NORRIS, FRANK (1870—1902)
• NORRIS, HENRY NORRIS
• NORRIS, JOHN (1657-1711)
• NORRIS, SIR JOHN (c. 1547-1597)
• NORRIS, WILLIAM EDWARD (1847– )

Norris, William Brereton and See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

Mark See also:

• SMEATON, JOHN (1724–1792)

Smeaton were declared guilty of high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason, while Anne herself and Lord Rochford were condemned unanimously by an See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly of twenty-six peers on the 15th . Her uncle, the duke of Norfolk, presided as lord steward, and gave See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence, weeping, that his niece was to be burned or beheaded as pleased the king . Her former See also:

• LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

lover, the earl of Northumberland, left the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court seized with sudden illness . Her father, who was excused attendance, had, however, been See also:

• PRESENT

present at the trial of the other offenders, and had there declared. his conviction of his daughter's See also:

• GUILT

guilt . On the 16th, hoping probably to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save herself by these means, she informed Cranmer of a certain sup-posed impediment to her marriage with the king—according to some accounts a previous marriage with Northumberland, though the latter solemnly and positively denied it—which was never disclosed, but which, having been considered by the See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop and a See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of ecclesiastical lawyers, was pronounced, on the 17th, sufficient to invalidate her marriage . The same day all her reputed lovers were executed; and on the 19th she herself suffered death on Tower See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green, her head being struck off with a See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword by the executioner of See also:

• CALAIS

Calais brought to England for the purpose.' She had regarded the prospect of death with courage and almost with levity, laughing heartily as she put her hands about her "little See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck" and recalled the skill of the executioner .

"I have seen many men" (wrote Sir William See also:

• KINGSTON
• KINGSTON, ELIZABETH, DUCHESS OF (1720-1788)
• KINGSTON, WILLIAM HENRY GILES (1814-188o)

Kingston, See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the Tower) "and also women executed, and all they have been in great sorrow, and to my knowledge this See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady has much joy and See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure in death." On the following day Henry was betrothed to Jane See also:

• SEYMOUR
• SEYMOUR, HORATIO (1810-1886)
• SEYMOUR, or ST MAUR
• SEYMOUR, THOMAS

Seymour . Amidst the vituperations of the adherents of the papacy and the later Elizabethan eulogies, and in the absence of the records on which her sentence was pronounced, Anne Boleyn's guilt remains unproved . To Sir William Kingston she protested her entire innocence, and on the See also:

• SCAFFOLD
• SCAFFOLD, SCAFFOLDING (from the O. Fr. escafaut, originally escafalt, modern echafaud, a corruption of the Italian or Spanish calafalco, a platform, especially a canopy over a bier, a catafalque; this word is composed of O. Span. altar, O. Ital. catare, t

scaffold while expressing her submission she made no See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession.' Smeaton alone of her supposed lovers made a full confession, and it is possible that his statement was See also:

• DRAWN

drawn from him by threats of See also:

• TORTURE (from Lat. torquere, to twist)

torture or hopes of See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon . Norris, according to one See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account,' also confessed, but subsequently declared that he had been betrayed into making his statement . The others were all said to have " confessed in a manner " on the scaffold, but much See also:

• WEIGHT

weight cannot be placed on these See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general confessions, which were, according to the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, a See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration of submission to the king's will and of general repentance rather than See also:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT (from the old acknow, a compound of on- and know, to know by the senses, which passed through the forms oknow, aknow and acknow; acknowledge is formed on analogy of " knowledge ")

acknowledgment of the See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime . " I pray See also:

• GOD

God save the king," Anne herself is reported to have said on the scaffold, " and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince was there never; and to me he was ever a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good, a See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle and See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign lord." A See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness for the charge of See also:

• INCEST (Lat. incestus, unchaste)

incest was Rochford's own wife, a woman of infamous character, afterwards executed for complicity in the intrigues of Catherine Howard . The See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of Anne's misdeeds coincided in an extraordinary manner with Henry's disappointment in not obtaining by her a male heir, while the king's despotic See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and the universal unpopularity of Anne both tended to hinder the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of pure See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice . Nevertheless, though unproved, Anne's guilt is more than probable . It is almost incredible that two See also:

• GRAND

grand 5 Letters and Papers of Henry VIII. x. pp . 374, 381, 385 . 5 According to the most trustworthy accounts, but see Letters and Papers, x. p . 382 .

The well-known letter to Henry VIII. attributed to her is now recognized as an Elizabethan See also:

• FORGERY (derived through the French from Latin fabricare, to construct)

forgery . Archaeologia, See also:

• XXIII

xxiii . 64 . juries, a petty See also:

• JURY

jury, and a tribunal consisting of nearly all the See also:

• LAY

lay peers of England, with the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence before them which we do not now possess, should have all unanimously passed a sentence of guilt contrary to the facts and their convictions, and that such a sentence should have been supported by Anne's own father and uncle . Every year since her marriage Anne had given birth to a child, and Henry had no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to despair of more; while, if Henry's state of See also:

• HEALTH

health was such as was reported, the See also:

• DESIRE

desire for children, which Anne shared with him, may be urged as an See also:

• ARGUMENT

argument for her guilt . Sir Francis Weston in a letter to his See also:

• FAMILY

family almost acknowledges his guilt in praying for pardon, especially for offences against his wife;' Anne's own conduct and character almost prepare us for some See also:

• CATASTROPHE (Gr. Karaurpoch, from KaraQrp4ecv, to over-turn)

catastrophe . Whether See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

innocent or guilty, however, her fate caused no regrets and her misfortunes did not raise a single See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion or defender . The sordid incidents of her rise, and the insolence with which she used her triumph, had alienated all See also:

• HEARTS

hearts from the unhappy woman . Among the See also:

• PEOPLE

people she had always been intensely 'disliked; the love of justice, and the fear of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade losses imminent upon a See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach with Charles V., combined to render her unpopular . She appealed to the king's less refined instincts, and Henry's deterioration of character may be dated from his connexion with her .