VICOMTE DE See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS See also:

• GABRIEL (Heb. SKns, man of God)

GABRIEL AMBROISE See also:

• VICOMTE DE LOUIS GABRIEL AMBROISE BONALD (1754-1840)

BONALD (1754-1840)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French philosopher and politician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Le Monna, near See also:

• MILLAU

Millau in See also:

• AVEYRON

Aveyron, on the and of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1754 . Disliking the principles of the Revolution, he emigrated in 1791, joined the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde, and soon afterwards settled at See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg . There he wrote his first important See also:

• WORK

work, the highly conservative Theorie du pouvoir politique et religieux (3 vols., 1796; new ed., See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1854, 2 vols.), which was condemned by the See also:

• DIRECTORY

Directory . Returning to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France he found himself an See also:

• OBJECT

object of suspicion, and was obliged to live in retirement . In 1806 he was associated with See also:

• CHATEAUBRIAND, FRANCOIS RENE, VICOMTE DE (1768–1848)

Chateaubriand and Fievee in the conduct of the Mercure de France, and two years later was appointed councillor of the Imperial University which he had often attacked . After the restoration he was a member of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of public instruction, and from 1815 to 1822 sat in the chamber as See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy . His speeches were on the extreme conservative See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side; he even advocated a See also:

• LITERARY

literary censorship . In 1822 he was made See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, and presided over the See also:

• CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

censor-See also:

• SHIP

ship See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year he was made a peer, a dignity which he lost through refusing to take the See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath in 1830 . From 1816 he had been a member of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy . He took no See also:

• PART

part in public affairs after 1830, but retired to his seat at Le Monna, where he died on the 23rd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1840 . See also:

• BONALD, LOUIS GABRIEL AMBROISE, VICOMTE DE (1754-1840)

Bonald was one of the leading writers of the theocratic or traditionalist school, which included de See also:

• MAISTRE, JOSEPH DE (1754-1821)
• MAISTRE, XAVIER DE (1763-1852)

Maistre, See also:

• LAMENNAIS, HUGUES

Lamennais, See also:

• BALLANCHE, PIERRE SIMON (1776-1847)

Ballanche and d'Eckstein .

His writings are mainly on social and See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, and are based ultimately on one See also:

• GREAT

great principle, the divine origin of See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language . In his own words, " L'homme pense sa See also:

• PAROLE (shortened from the Fr. parole d'honneur, word of honour)

parole avant de parler sa pensee;'; the first language contained the essence of all truth . From this he deduces the existence of See also:

• GOD

God, the divine origin and consequent supreme authority of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Scriptures, and the See also:

• INFALLIBILITY (Fr. infaillibilite and infallibilite, the latter now obsolete, Med. Lat. infallibilitas, infallibilis, formed from faller, to make a mistake)

infallibility of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church . While this thought lies at the See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root of all his speculations there is a See also:

• FORMULA
• FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

formula of See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant application . All relations may be stated as the triad of cause, means and effect, which he See also:

• SEES

sees repeated throughout nature . Thus, in the universe, he finds the first cause as mover, See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement as the means, and bodies as the result; in the state, See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power as the cause, ministers as the means, and subjects as the effects; in the See also:

• FAMILY

family, the same relation is exemplified by See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• MOTHER

mother and See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . These three terms See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear specific relations to one another; the first is to the second as the second to the third . Thus, in the great triad of the religious See also:

• WORLD

world—God, the Mediator, and See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man—God is to the God-Man as the God-Man is to Man . On this basis he constructed a See also:

• SYSTEM

system of political See also:

• ABSOLUTISM

absolutism which lacks two things only:—well-grounded premisses instead of baseless hypotheses, and the acquiescence of those who were to be subjected to it . Bonald's See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style is remarkably See also:

• FINE

fine; ornate, but pure and vigorous . Many fruitful thoughts are scattered among his See also:

• WORKS

works, but his system scarcely deserves the name of a philosophy . In abstract thought he was a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• DILETTANTE

dilettante, and his strength See also:

• LAY

lay in the vigour and sincerity of his statements rather than in cogency of reasoning .

He had four sons . Of these, See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

VICTOR DE BONALD (1780–1871) followed his father in his See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile, was See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of the academy of See also:

• MONTPELLIER

Montpellier after the restoration, but lost his See also:

• POST

post during the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Days . Regaining it at the second restoration, he resigned finally in 183o . He wrote See also:

• DES

Des vrais principes opposes aux erreurs du XIXe siecle (1833), Molise et See also:

• LES

les geologues modernes (1835), and a See also:

• LIFE

life of his father . Lours JACQUES See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

MAURICE (1787—1870), See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal (1841), was condemned by the council of state for a See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter attacking See also:

• DUPIN, ANDRE MARIE JEAN JACQUES (1783-1865)

Dupin the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder's See also:

• MANUEL, EUGENE (1823–1901)
• MANUEL, JACQUES ANTOINE (1775-1827)
• MANUEL, LOUIS PIERRE (1751-1793)

Manuel de See also:

• DROIT (Fr. for " right," from Lat. directus, straight)

droit ecclesiaslique . In 1848 he held a memorial service " for those who See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell gloriously in See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of See also:

• CIVIL

civil and religious See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty." In 1851 he nevertheless advocated in the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the temporal power of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome by force of arms . See also:

• HENRI

HENRI (d . 1846) was a contributor to legitimist See also:

• JOURNALS

journals; and RENE was See also:

• INTERIM

interim See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect of Aveyron in 1817 . Besides the Theorie above mentioned, the vicomte de Bonald published Essai analytique sur les lois naturelles de l'ordre social (1800); Legislation See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive (1802); Du See also:

• DIVORCE

divorce considers au XIX' siecle (18oi); Recherches philosophiques sur les premiers objets de connaissances morales (2 vols., 1818) ; Melanges litteraires et politiques, demonstration philosophique du Principe constitutif de la societe (1819, 1852) . The first collected edition appeared in 12 vols., 1817–1819; the latest is that of the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe See also:

• MIGNE, JACQUES PAUL (1800-1875)

Migne (3 vols., 1859) . See See also:

• NOTICE

Notice sur M. le Vicomte de Bonald (1841, ed . See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon, 1853), (by his son Victor); See also:

• DAMIRON, JEAN PHILIBERT (1794-1862)

Damiron, Phil. en France au XIXe siecle; Windelband, See also:

• HISTORY

History of Philosophy (trans .

J . H . Tufts, 1893) ; E . See also:

• FAGUET, EMILE (1847- )

Faguet in Rev. des deux mondes (See also:

• APRIL

April 15, 1889) .