See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

EDMUND See also:

• EDMUND BONNER (1500?—1569)

BONNER (1500?—1569)  , See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• LONDON

London, was perhaps the natural son of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

Savage, See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Davenham, See also:

• CHESHIRE

Cheshire, by See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth Frodsham, who was afterwards married to See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund See also:

• BONNER, EDMUND (1500?—1569)

Bonner, a See also:

• SAWYER, SIR ROBERT (1633-1692)

sawyer of See also:

• HANLEY

Hanley in See also:

• WORCESTERSHIRE

Worcestershire . This See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account, which was printed with many circumstantial details by See also:

• STRYPE, JOHN (1643-1737)

Strype (See also:

• ECCLES

Eccles . Mein . III. i . 172-173), was disputed by Strype's contemporary, See also:

• SIR

Sir Edmund Lechmere, who asserted on not very satisfactory See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence (ib . See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals, I. ii . 300) that Bonner was of legitimate See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth . He was educated at Broadgates See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, now See also:

• PEMBROKE
• PEMBROKE (Penfro)
• PEMBROKE, EARLS OF

Pembroke See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, graduating See also:

• BACHELOR (from Med. Lat. baccalarius, with its late and rare variant baccalaris—cf. Ital. baccalare—through O. Fr. bacheler)

bachelor of See also:

• CIVIL

civil and See also:

• CANON

canon See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law in See also:

• JUNE

June 1519 . He was ordained about the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and admitted D.C.L. in 1525 . In 1529 he was See also:

• WOLSEY, THOMAS (c. 1475–1530)

Wolsey's See also:

• CHAPLAIN

chaplain, and he was with the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal at Cawood at the time of his See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest . Subsequently he was transferred, perhaps through See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell's See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, to the service of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, and in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1532 he was sent to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome to obstruct the judicial proceedings against See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry in the papal See also:

• CURIA

curia . In See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1533 he was en-trusted with the unmannerly task of intimating to See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement VII., while he was the See also:

• GUEST (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Gast, and Swed. gust; cognate with Lat. hostis, originally a stranger, hence enemy; cf. " host " )
• GUEST, EDWIN (1800–188o)

guest of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I. at See also:

• MARSEILLES

Marseilles, Henry's See also:

• APPEAL

appeal from the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope to a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council; but there seems to be no See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good authority for See also:

• BURNET
• BURNET, GILBERT (1643-1715)
• BURNET, THOMAS (1635-1715)

Burnet's See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story that Clement threatened to have him burnt alive .

For these and other services Bonner had been rewarded by the See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of several livings, and in 1535 he was made See also:

• ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

archdeacon of See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester . Towards the end of that See also:

• YEAR

year he was sent to further what he called " the cause of the See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

Gospel" (Letters and Papers, 1536, No . 469) in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany; and in 1536 he wrote a See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to See also:

• GARDINER
• GARDINER, JAMES (1688-1745)
• GARDINER, SAMUEL RAWSON (1829–1902)
• GARDINER, STEPHEN (c. 1493–1555)

Gardiner's De See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

vera Obedientia, which asserted the royal, denied the papal, supremacy, and was received with delight by the See also:

• LUTHERANS

Lutherans . After a brief See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1538, Bonner superseded Gardiner at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and began his See also:

• MISSION

mission by sending Cromwell a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of accusations against his predecessor (ib . 1538, ii . 144) . He was almost as See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter against See also:

• WYATT, JAMES (1746–1813)

Wyatt and See also:

• MASON, FRANCIS (1799—1874)
• MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)
• MASON, GEORGE HEMMING (1818–1872)
• MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)
• MASON, JOHN (1586-1635)
• MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)
• MASON, LOWELL (1792—1872)
• MASON, SIR JOHN (1503–1566)
• MASON, SIR JOSIAH (1795-1881)
• MASON, WILLIAM (1725—1797)

Mason, whom he denounced as a " papist," and the violence of his conduct led Francis I. to threaten him with a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred strokes of the halberd . He seems, however, to have pleased his See also:

• PATRON

patron, Cromwell, and perhaps Henry, by his See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy in seeing the king's " See also:

• GREAT

Great " See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible in See also:

• ENGLISH

English through the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press in Paris . He was already king's chaplain; his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment at Paris had been accompanied by promotion to the see of See also:

• HEREFORD

Hereford, and before he returned to take See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession he was translated to the bishopric of London (October 1539) . Hitherto Bonner had been known as a somewhat coarse and unscrupulous See also:

• TOOL (0. Eng. tdl, generally referred to a root seen in the Goth. taujan, to make, or in the English word " taw," to work or dress leather)

tool of Cromwellra sort of ecclesiastical Wriothesley, He is not known to have protested against any of the changes effected by his masters; he professed to be no theologian, and was wont, when asked theological questions, to refer his interrogators to the divines . He had graduated in law, and not in See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . There was nothing in the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation to appeal to him, except the repudiation of papal See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control; and he was one of those numerous Englishmen whose views were faithfully reflected in the Six Articles .

He became a staunch Conservative, and, apart from his embassy to the emperor in 1524—1543, was mainly occupied during the last years of Henry's reign in brandishing the " See also:

• WHIP

whip with six strings." The See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VI, opened a fresh and more See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit-able See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter in Bonner's career . Like Gardiner, he could hardly repudiate that royal supremacy, in the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of which he had been, so active an See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent; but he began to doubt that supremacy when he saw to what uses it could be put by a See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant council, and either he or Gardiner evolved the theory that the royal supremacy was in See also:

• ABEYANCE (O. Fr. abeance, " gaping")

abeyance during a royal minority . The ground was See also:

• SKI (pronounced " skee," Icel. scidh, snow -shoe, properly " piece of wood ")

ski,lfully chosen, but it was not legally nor constitutionally tenable . Both he and Gardiner had in fact sought fresh licences to exercise their ecclesiastical See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction from the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young king; and, if he was supreme enough to confer jurisdiction, he was supreme enough to issue the injunctions and See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order the visitation to which Bonner objected . More-over, if a minority involved an abeyance of the royal supremacy in the ecclesiastical See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere, it must do the same in the temporal sphere, and there could be nothing but anarchy . It was on this question that Bonner came into conflict with Edward's See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . He resisted the visitation of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1547, and was committed to the See also:

• FLEET

Fleet; but he withdrew his opposition, and was released in time to take an active See also:

• PART

part against the government in the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1547 . In the next session, November 1548—See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1549, he was a leading opponent of the first See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act of Uniformity and See also:

• BOOK

Book of See also:

• COMMON

Common See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

Prayer . When these became law, he neglected to enforce them, and on the 1st of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1549 he was required by the council to maintain at St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's See also:

• CROSS

Cross that the royal authority was as great as if the king were See also:

• FORTY

forty years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . He failed to comply, and after a seven days' trial he was deprived of his bishopric by an ecclesiastical See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court over which See also:

• CRANMER, THOMAS (1489-1556)

Cranmer presided, and was sent to the See also:

• MARSHALSEA

Marshalsea . The fall of See also:

• SOMERSET, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SOMERSET, EDMUND BEAUFORT, DUKE OF (c. 1404–1455)
• SOMERSET, EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF (c. 1506–1552)
• SOMERSET, LORD ROBERT EDWARD HENRY (1776-1842)
• SOMERSET, ROBERT CARR (or KER), EARL OF (e. 1590-1645)

Somerset in the following See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month raised Bonner's hopes, and he appealed from Cranmer to the council . After a struggle the Protestant See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction gained the upper See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and on the 7th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1550 Bonner's deprivation was confirmed by the council sitting in the See also:

• STAR

Star Chamber, and he was further condemned to perpetual imprisonment .

He was released by See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary's accession, and was at once restored to his see, his deprivation. being regarded as invalid and See also:

• RIDLEY, NICHOLAS (c. 1500-1555)

Ridley as an intruder . He vigorously restored See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholicism in his See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese, made no difficulty about submitting to the papal jurisdiction which he had forsworn, and in 1555 began the persecution to which he owes his fame . His apologists explain that his See also:

• ACTION

action was merely " See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official," but Bonner was one of those who brought it to pass that the condemnation of heretics to the See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire should be part of his See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary official duties . The enforcement of the first Book of Common Prayer had also been part of his official duties; and the fact that Bonner made no such protest against the burning of heretics as he had done in the former See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case shows that he found it the more congenial See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty . Tunstal was as good a See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic as Bonner; he See also:

• LEFT

left a different repute behind him, a clear enough indication of a difference in their deeds . On the other hand, Bonner did not go out of his way to persecute; many of his victims were forced upon him by the council, which sometimes thought that he had not been severe enough (see Acts of the P.C . 1554-1556, pp . 115, 139; 1556-1558, pp . 18, 19, 216, 276) . So completely had the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state dominated the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church that religious persecutions had become state persecutions, and Bonner was acting as an ecclesiastical See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff in the most refractory See also:

• DISTRICT

district of the See also:

• REALM

realm . Even See also:

• FOXE, JOHN (1516-1587)

Foxe records instances in which Bonner failed to persecute . But he had no See also:

• MERCY (adapted from Fr. merci, Lat. merces, reward)
• MERCY (or MERCI), FRANZ, FREIHERR VON

mercy for a fallen foe; and he is seen at his worst in his brutal jeers at Cranmer, when he was entrusted with the duty of degrading his former See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief .

It is a more remarkable fact that, in spite of his prominence, neither Henry VIII. nor Mary should ever have admitted him to the privy council . He seems to have been regarded by his own party as a useful See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument, especially in disagreeable See also:

• WORK

work, rather than as a desirable colleague . On her accession Elizabeth refused to allow him to See also:

• KISS

kiss her hand; but he sat and voted in the parliament and See also:

• CONVOCATION
• CONVOCATION (Lat. convocatio, a calling together)

convocation of 1559 . In May he refused to take the See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath of supremacy, acquiring like his colleagues consistency with old age . He was sent to the Marshalsea, and a few years later was indicted on a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of See also:

• PRAEMUNIRE (Lat. praemonere, to pre-admonish or fore-warn)

praemunire on refusing the oath when tendered him by his diocesan, Bishop See also:

• HORNE, GEORGE (1730-1792)
• HORNE, RICHARD HENRY, or HENGIST (1803–1884)
• HORNE, THOMAS HARTWELL (178o-1862)

Horne of See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester . He challenged the legality of Horne's See also:

• CONSECRATION (Lat. consecrallo, from con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")

consecration, and a See also:

• SPECIAL

special act of parliament was passed to meet the point, while the charge against Bonner was withdrawn . He died in the Marshalsea on the 5th of September 1569, and was buried in St George's, See also:

• SOUTHWARK

Southwark, at midnight to avoid the See also:

• RISK

risk of a hostile demonstration . See Letters and Papers of Henry VIII. vols. iv.-xx.; Acts of the Privy Council (1542–1569) ; Lords' See also:

• JOURNALS

Journals, vol. i . ; See also:

• WILKINS, GEORGE (ii. 1607)
• WILKINS, JOHN (1614-1672)
• WILKINS, MARY ELEANOR (1862– )
• WILKINS, SIR CHARLES (1749?-1836)

Wilkins' Concilia; Foxe's Acts and Monuments, ed . Townsend; Burnet, ed . See also:

• POCOCK, SIR GEORGE (1706-1792)

Pocock; Strype's See also:

• WORKS

Works; See also:

• GOUGH, HUGH GOUGH, VISCOUNT (1779-1869)
• GOUGH, JOHN BARTHOLOMEW (1817-1886)
• GOUGH, RICHARD (1735-1809)

Gough's See also:

• INDEX

Index to See also:

• PARKER, JOHN HENRY (1806-1884)
• PARKER, JOSEPH (183o-1902)
• PARKER, MARTIN (c. 1600-c. 1656)
• PARKER, MATTHEW (1504-1575)
• PARKER, SAMUEL (164o-1688)
• PARKER, SIR GILBERT (1862— )
• PARKER, SIR HYDE, BART
• PARKER, THEODORE (1810-186o)

Parker See also:

• SOC

Soc . Publ.; S .

R . See also:

• MAITLAND (MAITLAND OF LETHINGTON), WILLIAM
• MAITLAND, EAST
• MAITLAND, EDWARD (1824-1897)
• MAITLAND, FREDERIC WILLIAM (1850-1906)
• MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD (LORD LETHINGTON) (1496-r586)

Maitland's Essays on the Ref.; See also:

• FROUDE, JAMES ANTHONY (1818-1894)

Froude's and R . W . See also:

• DIXON
• DIXON, GEORGE (1755 ?–1800)
• DIXON, HENRY HALL (1822-1870)
• DIXON, RICHARD WATSON (1833-1900)
• DIXON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH (1821-1879)

Dixon's Histories; See also:

• POLLARD, EDWARD ALBERT (1828–1872)

Pollard's Cranmer and See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England under Somerset; other authorities cited in See also:

• DIET

Diet . Nat . Biogr . (A . F .