BORAGINACEAE  , an See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of See also:

• PLANTS

plants belonging to the sympetalous See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of See also:

• DICOTYLEDONS

dicotyledons, and a member of the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series Tubiflorae . It is represented in See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain by bugloss (Echium) (fig . 1), comfrey (Symphytum), Myosotis, hounds-See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue (Cynoglossum) (fig . 2), and other genera, while See also:

• BORAGE (pronounced like " courage "; possibly from Lat. borra, rough hair)

borage (Borago cfficinalis) (fig . 3) occurs as a See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape in See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste ground . The plants are rough-haired See also:

• ANNUAL

annual or perennial herbs, more rarely shrubby or arborescent, as in Cordia and Ehretia, which are tropical or sub-tropical . The leaves, which are generally alternate, are usually entire and narrow: the See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical leaves in some genera, as Pulmonaria (lungwort) and Cynoglossum, differ in See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form from the See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem-leaves, being generally broader and some-times See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart-shaped . A characteristic feature is the one-sided (See also:

• DORSIVENTRAL (Lat. dorsum, the back, venter, the belly)

dorsiventral) inflorescence, well illustrated in forget-me-not and other See also:

• SPECIES

species of Myosotis; the cyme is at first closely coiled, becoming uncoiled as the See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers open . At the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time there is often a See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change in See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour in the flowers, which are red in bud, becoming See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue as they expand, as in Myosotis, Echium, Symphytum and others . The flowers are generally See also:

• REGULAR

regular; the form of the corolla varies widely . Thus in borage it is rotate, tubular in comfrey, See also:

• FUNNEL (through an O. Fr. founil, found in Breton, from Lat. infundibulum, that through which anything is poured, from fundere, to pour)

funnel-shaped in hounds-tongue, and See also:

• SALVER

salver-shaped in See also:

• ALKANET (dim. from Span. alcana, Arab. al-henna=henna, Egyptian privet, or Lawsonia inermis)

alkanet (Anchusa); the See also:

• THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly from preotan, to press, whence threat, or, with loss of initial s, connected with strut, to swell)

throat is often closed byscale-like outgrowths from the corolla, forming the so-called See also:

• CORONA (Lat. for " crown ")

corona . A departure from the usual regular corolla occurs in Echium and a few allied genera, where it is oblique; in Lycopsis it is also See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent .

The five stamens alternate in position with the lobes of the corolla . The ovary, of two carpels, is seated on a See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring-like disk I . Single See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower, about nat. See also:

• SIZE

size . 6 . Calyx surrounding nutlets . 2 . Corolla split open . 3 . Calyx . 4 . See also:

• PISTIL

Pistil . 5 .

One stamen . which secretes See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey. median constriction in ovule; the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style springs divisions . The flowers show well-marked See also:

• ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation to See also:

• INSECT

insect-visits . Their colour and tendency to arrangement on one See also:

• SURFACE

surface, with the presence of honey, serve to attract See also:

• INSECTS

insects . The scales around the throat of the corolla protect the See also:

• POLLEN, AUGUST (or, as he afterwards called himself, ADOLF) LUDWIG (1794-1855)

pollen and honey from wet or undesirable visitors, and by their difference in colour from the corolla-lobes, as in the yellow See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye of forget-me-not, may serve to indicate the position of the honey . In most genera the See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit consists of one-seeded nutlets, generally four, but one or more may be undeveloped . The shape of the nutlet and the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of its coat are very varied . Thus in Lithospermum the nutlets are hard like a See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, in Myosotis usually polished, in Cynoglossum covered with bristles, &c . The order is widely spread in temperate and tropical regions, and contains 85 genera with about 1200 species . Its See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief centre is the Mediterranean region, whence it extends over central 7 . Same See also:

• PART

part of calyx cut away . 8 .

Two nutlets . 9 . Same enlarged . Each carpel becomes divided by a four portions, each containing one from the centre of the See also:

• GROUP

group of four See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and See also:

• ASIA

Asia, becoming less frequent northwards . A smaller centre occurs on the Pacific See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AMERICA

America . The order is less See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south temperate See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone . The order is of little economic value . Several genera, such as borage and Pulmonaria, were formerly used in See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine, and the roots yield See also:

• PURPLE

purple or See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown dyes, as in Alkanna tinctoria (alkanet) . See also:

• HELIOTROPE
• HELIOTROPE, or TURNSOLE

Heliotrope or See also:

• CHERRY

cherry-See also:

• PIE

pie (Heliotropium peruvianum) is a well-known garden plant .