See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

FRANCIS See also:

• BORGIA, CESARE
• FRANCIS BORGIA (1510-1572)
• BORGIA, LUCREZIA (1480-1519)

BORGIA (1510-1572)  , See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• GANDIA

Gandia, and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Gandia (See also:

• VALENCIA
• VALENCIA, or VALENTIA

Valencia) on the loth of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1510, and from boy-See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood was remarkable for his piety . Educated from his twelfth See also:

• YEAR

year at See also:

• SARAGOSSA (Zaragoza)
• SARAGOSSA, COUNCILS OF (Concilia Caesarauguslana)

Saragossa under the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle the See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop, he had begun to show a strong inclination towards the monastic See also:

• LIFE

life, when his See also:

• FATHER

father sent him in 1528 to the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V . Here he distinguished himself, and on his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with Eleanor de See also:

• CASTRO, INEZ DE (d. 1355)
• CASTRO, JOAO DE (1500-1548)

Castro, a Portuguese See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady of high See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank, he was created See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis of Lombay, and was appointed See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse to the empress . He accompanied Charles on his See also:

• AFRICAN

African expedition in 1535, and also into See also:

• PROVENCE (Provincia, Proenza)

Provence in 1536; and on the See also:

• DEATH

death of the empress in 1539 he was deputed to See also:

• CONVOY

convoy the See also:

• BODY

body to the See also:

• BURIAL

burial-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in See also:

• GRANADA
• GRANADA, LUIS DE (1504-1588)

Granada . This sad See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty confirmed his determination to leave the court, and also, should he survive his See also:

• CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort, to embrace the monastic life . On his return to See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo, however, new honours were thrust upon him, much against his will; he was made See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy of See also:

• CATALONIA (Cataluna)

Catalonia and See also:

• COMMANDER

commander of the order of St See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James . At See also:

• BARCELONA

Barcelona, the seat of his See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, he lived a life of See also:

• GREAT

great austerity, but discharged his See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official duties with See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and efficiency until 1543, when, having succeeded hisfather in the dukedom, he at length obtained permission to resign his viceroyalty and to retire to a more congenial mode of life at Gandia . Having already held some See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with See also:

• IGNATIUS ('Iyvfrior)

Ignatius See also:

• LOYOLA, ST IGNATIUS OF (1491–1556)

Loyola, he now powerfully encouraged the recently founded order of Jesus . One of his first cares at Gandia was to build a Jesuit See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college; and on the death of Eleanor in 1546, he resolved to become himself a member of the society . The difficulties arising from See also:

• POLITICAL

political and See also:

• FAMILY

family circumstances were removed by a papal See also:

• DISPENSATION

dispensation, which allowed him, in the interests of his See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, to retain his dignities and worldly possessions for four years after taking the vows . In 1550 he visited See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, where he was received with every See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark of distinction, and where he furnished the means for See also:

• BUILDING

building the Collegium Romanum . Returning to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in the following year, he formally resigned his rank and See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate in favour of his eldest son, assumed the Jesuit See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit, was ordained See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest, and entered upon a life of See also:

• PENANCE (Old Fr. penance, fr. Lat. poenitentia, penitence)

penance and See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

prayer .

At his own See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request, seconded by Loyola, a proposal that he should be created a See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal by See also:

• JULIUS

Julius III. was departed from; and at the command of his See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior he employed himself in the See also:

• WORK

work of itinerant See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching . In 1554 he was appointed See also:

• COMMISSARY (from Med. Lat. commissaries, one to whom a charge or trust is committed)

commissary-general of the order in Spain, See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal and the Indies, in which capacity he showed great activity, and was successful in See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding many new and thriving colleges . In 1556, shortly after Charles V. retired, See also:

• BORGIA, CESARE
• BORGIA, FRANCIS (1510-1572)
• BORGIA, LUCREZIA (1480-1519)

Borgia had an interview with him, but would not yield to his inducements to See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer his See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to the older order of See also:

• HIERONYMITES

Hieronymites . Some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time afterwards Borgia was employed by Charles to conduct negotiations with reference to a project which was to secure for See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• CARLOS, DON (1545-1568)
• CARLOS, DON (1788-1855)
• CARLOS, DON (CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES JUAN ISIDOR.E JOSEPH FRANCIS QUIRIN ANTONY MICHAEL GABRIEL RAPHAEL) (1848—1909)

Carlos of Spain the Portuguese See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession in the event of the death of his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin Don See also:

• SEBASTIAN
• SEBASTIAN, ST

Sebastian . On the death of Lainez in 1565, See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis Borgia was chosen to succeed him as third general of the Jesuits . In this capacity he showed great zeal and administrative skill; and so great was the progress of the society under his government that he has sometimes been called " its second founder." The peculiarities which are most characteristic of the order were, however, derived from Loyola and Lainez, rather than from Borgia, whose ideal was a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• MONASTICISM (Gr. p.ovacrnabs, living alone, µ6vos)

monasticism rather than a life of manifold and influential contact with the See also:

• WORLD

world . He died at Rome on the 3oth of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1572 . He was beatified by See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

Urban VIII. in 1624, and canonized by See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement X. in 1671, his festival being afterwards (1683) fixed by See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent XI. for the loth of October . Several See also:

• WORKS

works by St Francis Borgia have been published, the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal of these being a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Exercises similar to the Exercitia Spiritualia of Loyola, and a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise Rhetorica Concionandi . The See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

Opera Omnia were published at See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels in 1675 . His life was written by his See also:

• CONFESSOR

confessor Pedro de See also:

• RIBADENEIRA, PEDRO A

Ribadeneira . See also A .

See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

Butler's Lives of the See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

Saints, and the Breviarium Romanum (second See also:

• NOCTURN, or NOCTURNE (Lat. nocturnus, of or belonging to the night, nox)

nocturn for October ro) .