See also:

• BOSPORUS, or BOSPHORUS (Gr. Boo-iopos=ox-ford, tradition-ally connected with Io, daughter of Inachus, who, in the form of a heifer, crossed the Thracian Bosporus on her wanderings)

BOSPORUS, or BOSPHORUS (Gr. Boo-iopos=ox-See also:

• FORD, EDWARD ONSLOW
• FORD, JOHN (r586–c.1640)
• FORD, RICHARD (1796-1858)
• FORD, THOMAS (b. c. 158o)

ford, tradition-ally connected with Io, daughter of Inachus, who, in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a See also:

• HEIFER

heifer, crossed the Thracian Bosporus on her wanderings)  . By the ancients this name, signifying a strait, was especially applied to the See also:

• BOSPORUS, or BOSPHORUS (Gr. Boo-iopos=ox-ford, tradition-ally connected with Io, daughter of Inachus, who, in the form of a heifer, crossed the Thracian Bosporus on her wanderings)

Bosporus Cimmerius (see below), and the Bosporus Thracius; but when used without any See also:

• ADJECTIVE (from the Lat. adjectives, added)

adjective it now denotes the latter, which unites the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea with the Sea of See also:

• MARMORA (anc. Proconnesus)
• MARMORA, SEA OF (anc. Propontis; Turk. Mermer Denisi)

Marmora and forms See also:

• PART

part of the boundary between See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and See also:

• ASIA

Asia . The channel is 18 m. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, and has a maximum breadth at the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern entrance of 24 m., a minimum breadth of about 800 yds., and a See also:

• DEPTH

depth varying from 20 to 66 fathoms in See also:

• MID

mid-stream . In the centre there is a rapid current from the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmora, but a See also:

• COUNTER

counter-current sets in the opposite direction below the See also:

• SURFACE

surface and along the shores . The surface current varies in See also:

• SPEED, JOHN (1552–1629)

speed, but averages nearly 3 M. an See also:

• HOUR

hour; though at narrow places it may run at See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double this See also:

• PACE (through O. Fr. pas, from Lat. passus, step, properly the stretch of the leg in walking, from pandere, to stretch)
• PACE, RICHARD (c. 1482-1536)

pace . The strait is very rarely frozen over, though See also:

• HISTORY

history records a few instances; and the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

Horn, the inlet on either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of which See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople lies, has been partially frozen over occasionally in See also:

• MODERN

modern times . The shores of the Bosporus are composed in the northern portion of different volcanic rocks, such as See also:

• DOLERITE (from Gr. SoXepos, deceptive)

dolerite, See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite and See also:

• TRACHYTE (Gr. rpaxus, rough)

trachyte; but along the remaining course of the channel the prevailing formations are Devonian, consisting of sandstones, marls, quartzose conglomerates, and calcareous deposits of various kinds . The scenery on both sides is of the most varied and beautiful description, many villages lining each well-wooded See also:

• SHORE

shore, while on the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European side are numerous See also:

• FINE

fine residences of the wealthy class of Constantinople . The Bosporus is under See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish dominion, and by treaty of 1841, confirmed by the treaty of See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin in 1878 and at other times, no See also:

• SHIP

ship of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war other than Turkish may pass through the strait (or through the See also:

• DARDANELLES (Turk. Bahr-Sefed Boghazi)
• DARDANELLES (Turk. Sultanieh Kalehsi, or Chanak Kalehsi)

Dardanelles) without the countenance of the See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte .