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PIERRE FRANCOIS JOSEPH BOSQUET (1810-1861)

GIUSEPPE BOSSI (1777-1816)

RENE LE BOSSU (1631-1680)

JAQUES BENIGNE BOSSUET (1627-1704)

BOST RYC HOIDEA

THOMAS BOSTON (1676-1732)

CHRISTOFFER JACOB BOSTROM (1797-1866)

JAMES BOSWELL (1740-1795)

JOSEPH BOSWORTH (1789–1876)

BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

LOUIS BOTHA (1862- )

GULF OF BOTHNIA

4TH EARL OF JAMES HEPBURN BOTHWELL

BOTOCUDOS (from Port. botoque, a plug, in allusion to the wooden disks or plugs worn in their lips and ears)

BOTOSHANI (Botosani)

CARLO GIUSEPPE GUGLIELMO BOTTA (1766–1837)

GIOVANNI BOTTESINI (1823–1889)

SANDRO BOTTICELLI

KARL AUGUST BOTTIGER (176o-1835)

BOTTLE (Fr. bouteille, from a diminutive of the Lat. butta, a flask; cf. Eng. " butt ")

BOTTLENOSE WHALE (Hyperoodon rostratus)

MARCO BOTZARIS [BozzARls] (c. 1788-1823)

BOTZEN, or BOZEN (Ital. Bolzano)

EDME BOUCHARDON (1698-1762)

JACQUES BOUCHER DE CREVECEUR DE PERTHES (1788-1868)

FRANCOIS BOUCHER (1703-1770)

JONATHAN BOUCHER (1738-1804)

MAURICE BOUCHOR (1855– )

JEAN BAPTISTE NOEL BOUCHOTTE (1754–1840)

DION BOUCICAULT (1822–1890)

called BOUCICAUT] JEAN [JEAN LE MEINGRE BOUCICAUT (c. 1366–1421)

EUGENE BOUDIN (1824-1898)

ELIAS BOUDINOT (1740-1821)

AMI BOUE (1794-1881)

LOUIS FRANCCOIS BOUFFLERS

CHEVALIER DE STANISLAS JEAN BOUFFLERS (1737-1815)

LOUIS ANTOINE DE BOUGAINVILLE (1729-1811)

GEORGE HENRY BOUGHTON (1834-1905)

PIERRE BOUGUER (1698-1758)

ADOLPHE WILLIAM BOUGUEREAU (1825-1905)

DOMINIQUE BOUHOURS (1628-1702)

LOUIS HYACINTHE BOUILHET (1822-1869)

MARQUIS DE FRANCOIS CLAUDE AMOUR BOUILLE (1739-1800)

JEAN NICOLAS BOUILLY (1763-1842)

COMTE DE HENRI BOULAINVILLIERS (1658-1722)

GEORGE ERNEST JEAN MARIE BOULANGER (1837-1891)

COMTE ANTOINE JACQUES CLAUDE JOSEPH BOULAY DE LA MEURTHE (1761-1840)

BOULDER (short for " boulder-stone," of uncertain origin; cf. Swed. bullersten, a large stone which causes a noise of rippling water in a stream, from bullra, to make a loud noise)

BOULE (Gr. 0ovXi ,, literally " will," " advice "; hence a " council ")

BOULEVARD (a Fr. word, earlier boulevart, from Dutch or Ger. Bollwerk, cf. Eng. " bulwark ")

ANDRE CHARLES BOULLE (1642–1732)

BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

MATTHEW BOULTON (1728-1809)

BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

BEATING THE BOUNDS

BOUNTY (through O. Fr. bontet, from Lat. bonitas, goodness)

CHARLES DENIS SAUTER BOURBAKI (1816-1897)

DUKE OF CHARLES BOURBON (149o-1527)

ARTHUR BOURCHIER (1864- )

THOMAS BOURCHIER (c. 1404-1486)

LOUIS BOURDALOUE (1632-1704)

FRANCOIS LOUIS BOURDON (d. 1797)

LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE BOURGEOIS (1851– )

PAUL CHARLES JOSEPH BOURGET (1852– )

ANTOINETTE BOURIGNON (1616-168o)

COMTE DE LOUIS AUGUSTE VICTOR BOURMONT

BOURNE (southern form of burn, Teutonic born, bran, burna)

VINCENT BOURNE (1695-1747)

BOURNE, or BOURN

LOUIS ANTOINE FAUVELET DE BOURRIENNE (176)–1834)

MARC THEODORE BOURRIT (1739-1819)

EDME BOURSAULT (1638-1701)

BOURSE (from the Med. Lat. bursa, a purse)

ESAIAS BOURSSE (1630-1673)

JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH DIEUDONNE BOUSSINGAULT (1802-1887)

FRIEDRICH BOUTERWEK (1766-1828)

SIEUR DE FOUILLETOURTE CLAUDE BOUTHILLIER (1581-1652)

GEORGE SEWALL BOUTWELL (1818-1905)

FRANCOIS JOSEPH BOUVET (1753—1832)

JOHN BOUVIER (1787—1851)

SIR WILLIAM BOVILL (1814-1873)

BOW (pronounced " bo ")

NATHANIEL BOWDITCH (1773-1838)

JAMES BOWDOIN (1726—1790)

SIR MACKENZIE BOWELL (1823— )

BARON CHARLES SYNGE CHRISTOPHER BOWEN BOWEN (1835—1894)

FRANCIS BOWEN (1811—1890)

SIR GEORGE FERGUSON BOWEN (1821—1849)

WALTER BOWER (1385-1449)

JAMES SCOTT BOWERBANK (1797-1877)

JAMES BOWIE (1796-1836)

SAMUEL BOWLES (1826–1878)

WILLIAM LISLE BOWLES (1762–185o)

BOWLINE (a word found in most Teutonic languages, probably connected with the " bow " of a ship)

BOWLING (Lat. bulla, a globe, through O. Fr. boule, ball)

SIR JOHN BOWRING (1792-1872)

WILLIAM BOWYER (1663-1737)

BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

BOXING (M.E. box, a blow, probably from Dan. bask, a buffet)

BOYAR (Russ. boyarin, plur. boyare)

WILLIAM BOYCE (1710-1779)

ANDREW KENNEDY HUTCHISON BOYD (1825—1899)

LORD ROBERT BOYD BOYD (d. c. 1470)

ZACHARY BOYD (1585?-1653)

JOHN BOYDELL (1719-1804)

ALEXIS BOYER (1757-1833)

JEAN PIERRE BOYER (1776-1850)

ROBERT BOYLE (1627-1691)

FRANCESCO BRACCIOLINI (1566-1645)

BRACE (through the Fr. from the plural of the Lat. bracchium, the arm)

CHARLES LORING BRACE (1826-189o)

JULIA BRACE (1806-1884)

ANNE BRACEGIRDLE (c. 1674-1748)

BRACELET, or ARMLET

BRACHISTOCHRONE (from the Gr. /3paxurros, shortest, and xpovos, time)

BRACHYCEPHALIC (Gr. for short-headed)

BRACHYLOGUS (from Gr. (3pax6s, short, and Xhyos, word)

BRACKLESHAM BEDS

VISCOUNT THOMAS EGERTON BRACKLEY (c. 1540—1617)

FELIX BRACQUEMOND (1833— )

HENRY DE BRACTON (d. 1268)

BRADAWL (from " brad," a fiat nail, and " awl," a piercing tool)

EDWARD BRADDOCK (1695?—1755),

MARY ELIZABETH BRADDON (1837— )

JOHN BRADFORD (1510?—1555)

WILLIAM BRADFORD (1590—1657)

WILLIAM BRADFORD (1663—1752)

WILLIAM BRADFORD (1827—1892)

CHARLES BRADLAUGH (1833-1891)

GEORGE GRANVILLE BRADLEY (1821–1903)

JAMES BRADLEY (1693–1762)

GEORGE BRADSHAW (1801–1853)

HENRY BRADSHAW (1831—1886)

HENRY BRADSHAW (c. 1450–1513)

JOHN BRADSHAW (i6o2-1659)

THOMAS BRADWARDINE (c. 1290-1349)

NICHOLAS BRADY (1659-1726)

HENRI JEAN AUGUSTIN DE BRAEKELEER (184o-1888)

BRAGANZA (Braganca)

BRAXTON BRAGG (1817—1876)

JOHN BRAHAM (c. 1774-1856)

COUNT PER BRAHE (1602-1680)

TYCHO BRAHE (1546-1601)

JOHANNES BRAHMS (1833–1897)

BRAID (from the O. Eng. bregdan, to move quickly to and fro, hence to weave)

THOMAS BRAIDWOOD (1715-1806)

BRAILA (in Rumanian Braila, formerly IBRAILA)

BRAIN (A.S. braegen)

DAVID BRAINERD (1718—1747)

JOCELYN DE BRAKELOND (fl. 1200)

JOSEPH BRAMAH (1748-1814)

BRAMANTE, or BRAMANTE

BARON HENRY HAWKINS BRAMPTON (1817-1907)

BARON GEORGE WILLIAM WILSHERE BRAMWELL BRAMWELL (1808-1892)

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

BRANCO, or PARIMA

BRANCOVAN, or BRANCOVRANU

JOHN BRAND (1744-1806)

SIR JOHN HENRY BRAND (1823-1888)

WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE (1788-1866)

GUSTAVUS BRANDER (1720-1787)

GEORG MORRIS COHEN BRANDES (1842– )

BRANDING (from Teutonic brinnan, to burn)

CHRISTIAN AUGUST BRANDIS (1790–1867)

FRANK BRANGWYN (1867– )

BRANKS (probably akin to Irish brancas, a halter; Ger. Pranger, fetter, pillory)

JOSEPH BRANT (1742-1807)

SEBASTIAN BRANT (1457-1521)

THOMAS DE BRANTINGHAM (d. 1394)

SEIGNEUR AND ABBE DE PIERRE DE BOURDEILLE BRANTOME (c. 1540-1614)

BRANXHOLM, or BRANKSOME

BRANXTON, or BRANKSTON

WILLIAM DE BRAOSE (d. 1211)

JACQUES RAYMOND BRASCASSAT (1804–1867)

PIERRE BRASDOR (1721–1799)

BRASEO (Ger. Kronstadt; Rumanian, Brasov)

BRASIDAS (d.422 B.C.)

BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

MONUMENTAL BRASSES

CHARLES ETIENNE BRASSEUR DE BOURBOURG (1814-1874)

THOMAS BRASSEY (1805–1870)

RICHARD BRATHWAIT (1588—1673)

BRATIANU (or BRATIANO), ION C

BRATLANDSDAL (i.e. Bratland valley)

BRATTISHING, or BRANDISHING (from the Fr. breteche)

BRAUNAU (Czech Broumov)

BRAVO (Ital. for " brave ")

BRAWLING (probably connected with Ger. brallen, to roar, shout)

SIR REGINALD BRAY (d. 1503)

THOMAS BRAY (1656-1730)

EDWARD WEDLAKE BRAYLEY (1773-18J4)

BRAZIER (from the Fr. brasier, which comes from braise, hot charcoal)

BRAZIL, or BRASIL

BRAZING AND SOLDERING

BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

1ST EARL OF JOHN CAMPBELL BREADALBANE (c. 1636-1717)

MICHEL JULES ALFRED BREAL (1832— )

BREAM (Abramis)

BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

FALKES DE BREAUTE (d. 1226)

JOHN CABELL BRECKINRIDGE (1821-1875)

BRECON, or BRECKNOCK

BRECONSHIRE, or BRECKNOCKSHIRE

JAN FRANS VAN BREDAEL (1683–1750)

COUNT HENRY BREDERODE

GOTTFRIED GABRIEL BREDOW (1773-1814)

BREECH (common in early forms to Teutonic languages)

BREEDS AND BREEDING

BREGENZ (anc. Brigantium)

BREISACH, or ALTBREISACH

SCIPIONE BREISLAK (1748-1826)

FREDRIKA BREMER (r8or–1865)

BRANDON BRENDAN

KLEMENS BRENTANO (1778-1842)

LUDWIG JOSEPH [called Lujo] BRENTANO

SIR JAHLEEL BRENTON (1770-1844)

JOHANN BRENZ (1499–1570)

LOUIS GEORGES OUDARD FEUDRIX DE BREQUIGNY (1714–1795)

BRESCIA (anc. Brixia)

BRESLAU (Polish Wraclaw)

JEAN BAPTISTE PROSPER BRESSANT (1815-1886)

BARON DE LOUIS CHARLES AUGUSTE LE TONNELIER BRETEUIL (1730-1807)

MANUEL BRETON DE LOS HERREROS (1796—1873)

JULES ADOLPHE BRETON

KARL GOTTLIEB BRETSCHNEIDER (1776—1848)

BREUGHEL (or BRUEGIHEL), PIETER

BREVET (a diminutive of the Fr. bref)

BREVIARY (Lat. breviarium, abridgment, epitome)

BREVIARY OF ALARIC (Breviarium Alaricanum)

JOHN SHERREN BREWER (1810-1879)

BREWING CHEMISTRY

BREWING OPERATIONS

SIR DAVID BREWSTER (1781–1868)

WILLIAM BREWSTER (c. 1566–1644)

HENRI ALEXIS BRIALMONT (1821-1903)

BRIAN (926-1014)

ARISTIDE BRIAND (1862– )

BRIAREUS, or AEGAEON

BRIBERY (from the O. Fr. briberie, begging or vagrancy, bribe, Mid. Lat. briba, signifying a piece of bread given to beggars; the Eng. " bribe " has passed through the meanings of alms, blackmail and extortion, to gifts received or given in order to influ

BRIC A BRAC (a French word, formed by a kind of onomatopoeia, meaning a heterogeneous collection of odds and ends; cf. \de brit a de broc, corresponding to our " by hook or by crook ";or by reduplication from brack, refuse)

BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

BRICOLE (a French word of unknown origin)

BRIDAINE (or BRYDAYNE), JACQUES (1701-1767)

BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

BRIDGE OF ALLAN

BRIDGEBUILDING BROTHERHOOD

ROBERT BRIDGES (1844– )

SAINT OF SWEDEN BIIGITTA BRIGITTA BRIDGET (c. 1302-1373)

THOMAS EDWARD BRIDGETT (1829 – 1899)

3RP DUKE OF FRANCIS EGERTON BRIDGEWATER (1736-1803)

FRANCIS HENRY EGERTON BRIDGEWATER

FREDERICK ARTHUR BRIDGMAN (1847– )

LAURA DEWEY BRIDGMAN (1829–1889)

VISCOUNT ALEXANDER HOOD BRIDPORT (1727-1814)

BRIE (Briegus saltus, from Celtic briek, clay)

BRIEF (Lat. brevis, short)

BRIELLE (Briel or Bril)

BENJAMIN BRIERLEY (1825–1896)

SIR OSWALD WALTERS BRIERLY (1817-1894)

EUGENE BRIEUX (1858– )

BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

BRIGANTES (Celtic for " mountaineers " or " free, privileged ")

BRIGG (properly GLANFORD BRIGGS Or GLAMFORD BRIDGE)

CHARLES AUGUSTUS BRIGGS (1841– )

HENRY BRIGGS (1556–1630)

JOHN BRIGHT (1811-188g)

SIR CHARLES TILSTON BRIGHT