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BOULEVARD (a Fr. word, earlier boulev...

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 321 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BOULEVARD (a Fr. word, earlier boulevart, from Dutch or Ger. Bollwerk, cf. Eng. " bulwark ")  , originally, in fortification, an earthwork with a broad platform for artillery . It came into use owing to the width of the gangways in
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medieval walls being insufficient for the mounting of artillery thereon . The boulevard or bulwark was usually an earthen outwork mounting artillery, and so placed in advance as to prevent the guns of a besieger from battering the
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foot of the main walls . It was as a
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rule circular . Semicircular demi-boulevards were often constructed round the bases of the old
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masonry towers with the same
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object . In
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modern times the word is most frequently used to denote a
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promenade laid out on the site of a former fortification, and, by analogy, a broad avenue in a
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town planted with rows of trees .

End of Article: BOULEVARD (a Fr. word, earlier boulevart, from Dutch or Ger. Bollwerk, cf. Eng. " bulwark ")
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