See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

DUKE OF See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• BOURBON
• DUKE OF CHARLES BOURBON (149o-1527)

BOURBON (149o-1527)  , See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, second son of See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

Gilbert, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• MONTPENSIER, ANNE MARIE LOUISE
• MONTPENSIER, COUNTS AND DUKES OF

Montpensier and dauphin of See also:

• AUVERGNE

Auvergne, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 17th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1490, his See also:

• MOTHER

mother being a See also:

• GONZAGA
• GONZAGA, THOMAZ ANTONIO (1744-1809)

Gonzaga . In 1505 he married Suzanne, heiress of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter II., See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon, by See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne of France, daughter of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XI., and assumed the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of duke of Bourbon . The addition of this duchy to the numerous duchies, countships and other fiefs which he had inherited on the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother Louis in 1501, made him at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of fifteen the wealthiest See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . He gained his first military experience in the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of Louis XII., taking See also:

• PART

part in the suppression of the Genoese revolt (1507) and contributing to the victory over the Venetians at Agnadello (May 14, 1509) . Shortly after the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I . Bourbon received the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of constable of France, and for his brilliant services at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Marignano (See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1515) he was made See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the Milanese, which he succeeded in defending against an attack of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian . But dissensions arose between Francis and the constable . See also:

• GRAVE

Grave, haughty and taciturn, Bourbon was but See also:

• ILL

ill suited to the levities of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, and his vast See also:

• WEALTH

wealth and See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence kindled in the king a feeling of resentment, if not of fear . The duke was recalled from the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the Milanese; his See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• SALARY

salary and the sums he had borrowed for See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war expenses remained unpaid; and in the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign in the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands against the emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V. the command of the vanguard, one of the most cherished prerogatives of the constables, was taken from him . The death of his wife without surviving issue, on the 28th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1521, afforded the mother of the king, See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

Louise of See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy, a means to gratify her greed, and at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to revenge herself on Bourbon, who had slighted her love . A suit was instituted at her instance against the duke in the See also:

• PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

parlement of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, in which Louise, as See also:

• GRAND

grand-daughter of Charles, duke of Bourbon (d . 1456), claimed the See also:

• FEMALE

female and some of the male fiefs of the duchy of Bourbon, while the king claimed those fiefs which were originally appanages, as escheating to the See also:

• CROWN

crown, and other claims were put forward .

Before the parlement was able to arrive at a decision, Francis handed overto his mother a part of the Bourbon estates, and ordered the See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder to be sequestrated . Smarting under these injuries, Bourbon, who for some time had been coquetting with the enemies of France, renewed his negotiations with the emperor and See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . It was agreed that the constable should raise in his own dominions an armed force to assist the emperor in an invasion of France, and should receive in return the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of Eleonora, See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen See also:

• DOWAGER (from the Old Fr. douagiere, mod. douairiere)

dowager of See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, or of another of the emperor's sisters, and an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom comprising his own lands together with See also:

• DAUPHINE

Dauphine and See also:

• PROVENCE (Provincia, Proenza)

Provence . He was required, too, to swear fidelity to Henry VIII. as king of France . But Bourbon's plans were hampered by the presence of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French troops assembling for the invasion of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, and for this See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason he was unable to effect a junction with the emperor's See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German troops from the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . See also:

• NEWS

News of the See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy soon reached the ears of Francis, who was on his way to take command of the Italian expedition . In an interview with Bourbon at See also:

• MOULINS

Moulins the king endeavoured to persuade him to accompany the French See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army into Italy, but without success . Bourbon remained at Moulins for a few days, and after many vicissitudes escaped into Italy . The See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint invasion of France by the emperor and his ally of England had failed signally, mainly through lack of See also:

• MONEY

money and defects of See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination . In the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1524, however, Bourbon at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the imperialists in See also:

• LOMBARDY

Lombardy forced the French across the Sesia (where the See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

chevalier See also:

• BAYARD, PIERRE TERRAIL, SEIGNEUR DE (1473–1524)
• BAYARD, THOMAS FRANCIS (1828-1898)

Bayard was mortally wounded) and drove them out of Italy . In See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1524 he invested See also:

• MARSEILLES

Marseilles, but being unable to prevent the introduction of supplies by See also:

• ANDREA, GIOVANNI (1275-1348)

Andrea See also:

• DORIA, ANDREA (1466-156o)

Doria, the Genoese See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral in the service of Francis, he was forced to raise the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege and See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat to the Milanese . He took part in the battle of See also:

• PAVIA (anc. Ticinum, q.v.)

Pavia (1525), where Francis was defeated and taken prisoner .

But Bourbon's troops were clamouring for pay, and the duke was driven to extreme See also:

• MEASURES

measures to satisfy their demands . Cheated of his kingdom and his See also:

• BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

bride after the treaty of See also:

• MADRID

Madrid (1526), Bourbon had been offered the duchy of See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan by way of See also:

• COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation . He now levied contributions from the townsmen, and demanded 20,000 ducats for the liberation of the See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor See also:

• GIROLAMO (1450-1486)

Girolamo See also:

• MORONE, GIOVANNI (1509-1580)

Morone (d . 1529), who had been imprisoned for an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to realize his See also:

• DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream of an Italy purged of the foreigner . But the sums thus raised were wholly inadequate . In February 1527 Bourbon's army was joined by a See also:

• BODY

body of German mercenaries, mostly Protestants, and the combined forces advanced towards the papal states . Refusing to recognize the truce which the See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples had concluded with See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement VII., Bourbon hastened to put into See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution the emperor's See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of attaching Clement to his See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side by a display of force . But the troops, starving and without pay, were in open See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

mutiny, and Spaniards and See also:

• LUTHERANS

Lutherans alike were eager for See also:

• PLUNDER

plunder . On the 5th of May 1527 the imperial army appeared before the walls of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . On the following See also:

• MORNING

morning Bourbon attacked the Leonine See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City, and while mounting a scaling See also:

• LADDER, (0. Eng. hlaeder; of Teutonic origin, cf. Dutch leer, Ger. Leiter; the ultimate origin is in the root seen in " lean," Or. KNiµat)

ladder See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell mortally wounded by a shot, which Benvenuto See also:

• CELLINI, BENVENUTO (1500-1571)

Cellini in his See also:

• LIFE

Life claims to have fired . After Bourbon's death his troops took and sacked Rome . See E .

See also:

• ARMSTRONG, ARCHIBALD (d. 1672)
• ARMSTRONG, JOHN (1709-1779)
• ARMSTRONG, JOHN (1758—1843)
• ARMSTRONG, SAMUEL CHAPMAN (1839—1893)
• ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM GEORGE ARMSTRONG, BARON (1810—1900)

Armstrong, Charles V . (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1902) ; See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge Mod . Hist. vol. ii., bibliography to chaps. i. ii. and iii . BOURBON-LANCY, a watering-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of east-central France in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• SAONE

Saone-et-See also:

• LOIRE

Loire, on a See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill about 2 M. from the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the Loire and on the See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

Borne, 52 M . S.S.E. of See also:

• NEVERS

Nevers by See also:

• RAIL

rail . Pop . (1906) See also:

• TOWN

town, 1896; See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, 4266 . The town possesses thermal springs, resorted to in the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, and- See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• BATHS

baths and other remains have been found . The See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters, which are saline and ferruginous, are used for drinking and bathing, in cases of See also:

• RHEUMATISM (from Gr. /56µa, flux)

rheumatism, &c . Their temperature varies from 117° to 132° F . See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS

Richelieu, Madame de See also:

• SEVIGNE, MARIE DE

Sevigne, See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II. of England, and other celebrated persons visited the springs in the 17th and 18th centuries . The town has a well-equipped bathing See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment, a large See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, and a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of the 11th and 12th centuries (used as an archaeological museum), and there are ruins of an old stronghold on a hill overlooking the town .

A See also:

• BELFRY (Mid. Eng. berfrey, through Med. Lat. berefredus, from Teut. bergfrid or bercvrit, which, according to the New Eng. Dict., is a combination of bergen, to protect, and frida, safety or peace; the word thus meaning a shelter; the change from r to 1,—

belfry pierced by a gateway of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and houses of the 15th and 16th centuries also remain . The See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries of the town include the manufacture of See also:

• FARM

farm implements . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages Bourbon-Lancy was an important strong-hold and a See also:

• FIEF

fief of the Bourbon See also:

• FAMILY

family, from the name of a member of which the suffix to its name is derived .