See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

LEON See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

VICTOR AUGUSTE See also:

• BOURGEOIS
• LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE BOURGEOIS (1851– )

BOURGEOIS (1851– )  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 21st of May 1851, and was educated for the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law . After holding a subordinate See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office (1876) in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of public See also:

• WORKS

works, he became successively See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect of the See also:

• TARN
• TARN (O. Eng. tame, Scand. tjarn, tjdrn, horn, &c.)

Tarn (1882) and the Haute-See also:

• GARONNE (Lat. Garumna)

Garonne (1885), and then returned to Paris to enter the See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry of the interior . He became prefect of See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1887, at the criticalmoment of See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President See also:

• GREVY, FRANCOIS PAUL JULES (1813-1891)

Grevy's resignation . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year he entered the chamber, being elected See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy for the See also:

• MARNE

Marne, in opposition to See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• BOULANGER
• BOULANGER, GEORGE ERNEST JEAN MARIE (1837-1891)

Boulanger, and joined the See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical See also:

• LEFT

left . He was under-secretary for See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home affairs in the See also:

• FLOQUET, CHARLES THOMAS (1828—1896)

Floquet ministry of 1888, and resigned with it in 1889, being then returned to the chamber for See also:

• REIMS
• REIMS (RHEIMS)

Reims . In the See also:

• TIRARD, PIERRE EMANUEL (1827–1893)

Tirard ministry, which succeeded, he was See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the interior, and subsequently, on the 18th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1890, minister of public instruction in the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet of M. de See also:

• FREYCINET, CHARLES LOUIS DE SAULCES DE (1828- )
• FREYCINET, LOUIS CLAUDE DESAULSES DE (1779-1842)

Freycinet, a See also:

• POST

post for which he had qualified himself by the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention he had given to educational matters . In this capacity he was responsible in 1890 for some important reforms in secondary See also:

• EDUCATION

education . He retained his office in M . See also:

• LOUBET, EMILE FRANCOIS (1838— )

Loubet's cabinet in 1892, and was minister of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice under M . See also:

• RIBOT, ALEXANDRE FELIX JOSEPH (1842– )
• RIBOT, THEODULE (1823–1891)
• RIBOT, THEODULE ARMAND (1839- )

Ribot at the end of that year, when the See also:

• PANAMA

Panama scandals were making the office one of See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar difficulty . He energetically pressed the Panama See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution, so much so that he was accused of having put wrongful pressure on the wife of one of the defendants in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to procure See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence . To meet the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge he resigned in March 1893, but again took office, and only retired with the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the Freycinet ministry .

In November 1895 he himself formed a cabinet of a pronouncedly radical type, the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• INTEREST

interest of which was attached to its fall, as the result of a constitutional crisis arising from the persistent refusal of the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate to See also:

• VOTE

vote See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply . The See also:

• BOURGEOIS
• BOURGEOIS, LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE (1851– )

Bourgeois ministry appeared to consider that popular See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion would enable them to override what they claimed to be an unconstitutional See also:

• ACTION

action on the See also:

• PART

part of the upper See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house; but the public was indifferent and the senate triumphed . The See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow was undoubtedly damaging to M . Bourgeois's career as an homme de gouvernement . As minister of public instruction in the See also:

• BRISSON, EUGENE HENRI (1835– )
• BRISSON, MATHURIN JACQUES (1723-1806)

Brisson cabinet of 1898 he organized courses for adults in See also:

• PRIMARY

primary education . After this See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short ministry he represented his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country with dignity and effect at the See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress, and in 1903 was nominated a member of the permanent See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• ARBITRATION (Lat. arbitrari, to examine or judge)
• ARBITRATION, INTERNATIONAL

arbitration . He held somewhat aloof from the See also:

• POLITICAL

political struggles of the Waldeck-See also:

• ROUSSEAU, JACQUES (1633-1693)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN BAPTISTE (1671-1741)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES (1712-1778)
• ROUSSEAU, PIERRE ETIENNE THEODORE (1812–1867); French painter of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris on the 15th of April 1812, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists. At first he received a business training, but soon displayed aptitu

Rousseau and See also:

• COMBES, [JUSTIN LOUIS] SMILE (1835– )

Combes ministries, travelling consider-ably in See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign countries . In 1902 and 1903 he was elected president of the chamber . In 1905 he replaced the duc d'Audiffret-See also:

• PASQUIER, ETIENNE (1529-1615)
• PASQUIER, ETIENNE DENIS

Pasquier as senator for the department of Marne, and in May 1906 became minister of foreign affairs in the Sarrien cabinet . He was responsible for the direction of French See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy in the See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference at See also:

• ALGECIRAS, or ALGEZIRAS

Algeciras .