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LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE BOURGEOIS (1851– ) , French statesman, wasSee also: born at See also: Paris on the 21st of May 1851, and was educated for the See also: law
.
After holding a subordinate office (1876) in the department of public See also: works, he became successively See also: prefect of the Tarn (1882) and the Haute-See also: Garonne (1885), and then returned to Paris to enter the See also: ministry of the interior
.
He became prefect of police in See also: November 1887, at the criticalmoment of President Grevy's resignation
.
In the following See also: year he entered the chamber, being elected deputy for the See also: Marne, in opposition to General Boulanger, and joined the See also: radical See also: left
.
He was under-secretary for home affairs in the See also: Floquet ministry of 1888, and resigned with it in 1889, being then returned to the chamber for See also: Reims
.
In the See also: Tirard ministry, which succeeded, he was See also: minister of the interior, and subsequently, on the 18th of See also: March 1890, minister of public instruction in the
See also: cabinet of M. de See also: Freycinet, a See also: post for which he had qualified himself by the See also: attention he had given to educational matters
.
In this capacity he was responsible in 1890 for some important reforms in secondary See also: education
.
He retained his office in M
.
See also: Loubet's cabinet in 1892, and was minister of See also: justice under M
.
See also: Ribot at the end of that year, when the See also: Panama scandals were making the office one of See also: peculiar difficulty
.
He energetically pressed the Panama See also: prosecution, so much so that he was accused of having put wrongful pressure on the wife of one of the defendants in See also: order to procure evidence
.
To meet the See also: charge he resigned in March 1893, but again took office, and only retired with the rest of the Freycinet ministry
.
In November 1895 he himself formed a cabinet of a pronouncedly radical type, the See also: main See also: interest of which was attached to its fall, as the result of a constitutional crisis arising from the persistent refusal of the senate to See also: vote supply
.
The Bourgeois ministry appeared to consider that popular opinion would enable them to override what they claimed to be an unconstitutional See also: action on the See also: part of the upper See also: house; but the public was indifferent and the senate triumphed
.
The See also: blow was undoubtedly damaging to M
.
Bourgeois's career as an homme de gouvernement
.
As minister of public instruction in the Brisson cabinet of 1898 he organized courses for adults in See also: primary education
.
After this See also: short ministry he represented his country with dignity and effect at the Hague See also: peace congress, and in 1903 was nominated a member of the permanent See also: court of arbitration
.
He held somewhat aloof from the See also: political struggles of the Waldeck-See also: Rousseau and Combes ministries, travelling consider-ably in
See also: foreign countries
.
In 1902 and 1903 he was elected president of the chamber
.
In 1905 he replaced the duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier as senator for the department of Marne, and in May 1906 became minister of foreign affairs in the Sarrien cabinet
.
He was responsible for the direction of French See also: diplomacy in the See also: conference at See also: Algeciras
.
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