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GEORGE SEWALL BOUTWELL (1818-1905)

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 336 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GEORGE See also:SEWALL See also:BOUTWELL (1818-1905)  , See also:American statesman, was See also:born in See also:Brookline, See also:Massachusetts, on the 28th of See also:January 1818 . He was reared on a See also:farm, and at an See also:early See also:age began a See also:mercantile career at Groton, See also:Mass . There he studied See also:law and in 1836 was admitted to the See also:bar, but did not begin practice for many years . In 1842—1844 and again in 1847—1850 he served in the See also:state See also:house of representatives, and became the recognized See also:leader on the Democratic See also:side; he was thrice defeated for See also:Congress, and was twice an unsuccessful See also:candidate for See also:governor . In 1851, however, by means of " See also:Free-See also:Soil " votes, he was chosen governor, and was re-elected by the same See also:coalition in 1852 . In the following See also:year he took an active See also:part in the state constitutional See also:convention . He became a member of the Massachusetts See also:Board of See also:Education in 1853, and as its secretary in 1855—1861 prepared valuable reports and rendered much service to the state's school See also:system . The passage of the See also:Kansas-See also:Nebraska See also:Bill in 1854 had finally alienated him from the Democratic party, and he became one of the founders of the new Republican party in the state . He played an influential part in the Republican See also:national convention in 1860, and in 1862 after the passage of the See also:war tax See also:measures he was appointed by See also:President See also:Lincoln the first See also:commissioner of See also:internal See also:revenue, which See also:department he organized . From 1863 to 1869 he was a representative in Congress, taking an influential part in debate, and acting as one of the managers of President See also:Johnson's See also:impeachment . From 1869 to 1873 he was secretary of the See also:treasury in President See also:Grant's See also:cabinet, and from 1873 until 1897 was a See also:United States senator from Massachusetts . Under an See also:appointment by President See also:Hayes, he prepared the second edition of the United States Revised Statutes (1878) .

In 188o he represented the United States before the See also:

commission appointed in accordance with the treaty of that year, between See also:France and the United States, to decide the claims brought by See also:French citizens against the United States for acts of the American authorities during the See also:Civil War, and the claims of American citizens against France for acts of French authorities during the war between France and See also:Mexico, the Franco-See also:German War and the See also:Commune . He opposed the acquisition by the United States of the Philippine Islands, became president of the See also:Anti-Imperialistic See also:League, and was a presidential elector on the See also:Bryan (Democratic) See also:ticket in 1900 . He died at Groton, Massachusetts, on the 28th of See also:February 1905 . He published various volumes, including The Constitution of the United States at the End of the First See also:Century (1895), and Reminiscences of Sixty Years in Public Affairs (2 vols., New See also:York, 1902) .

End of Article: GEORGE SEWALL BOUTWELL (1818-1905)
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